重金属镉的毒代谢动力学模型研究进展

Advances in the toxicokinetic models of cadmium

镉是环境中普遍存在的有毒重金属元素,低剂量长期暴露可造成人体多系统和器官损伤。代谢动力学模型可定量评估化学物内外暴露关联,为污染物风险评估提供依据。镉的代谢动力学模型包括毒代谢动力学(TK)模型和生理毒代谢动力学(PBTK)模型,在镉暴露限值标准制定及风险预测中发挥作用。本文综述2种模型的构建原理、发展历程及其局限性,展望优化方向,为完善我国镉暴露风险评估提供参考。

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal commonly seen in the environment. Long-term exposure to low dose of cadmium has toxic effects on multiple systems and organs of human body. The kinetic model is a new technology to quantitatively evaluate the correlation between internal and external exposure of chemicals, which can provide reliable information for risk assessment. There are two kinetic models of cadmium: toxicokinetic model(TK) and physiologicallybased toxicokinetic model(PBTK). They have played a role in the establishment of cadmium exposure limits and risk prediction. This article reviews the construction, development, and limitations of the two models, and looks forward to the direction in which the models can be further optimized, providing the reference for risk assessment of cadmium exposure in China.