天津地区1670例皮肤病患儿过敏原流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of allergens in 1670 children patients with skin diseases in Tianjin area

目的分析天津地区湿疹、荨麻疹患儿过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E(sIgE)定量检测结果,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法采用酶联免疫捕获法对2019年8月至2020年3月就诊于天津市儿童医院的1023例湿疹、647例荨麻疹患儿进行吸入及食物过敏原sIgE检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果1670例患儿检出过敏原sIgE阳性1254例,检出率为75.09%;检出食物过敏原sIgE阳性1185例(70.96%),检出吸入过敏原sIgE阳性739例(44.25%)。食物过敏原sIgE检出前3位由高到低依次为鸡蛋白/蛋黄(943例,56.47%)、牛奶(533例,31.92%)、小麦面粉(336例,20.12%),吸入过敏原sIgE检出前3位由高到低依次为屋尘(561例,33.59%)、交链孢霉(182例,10.90%)、粉尘螨(127例,7.60%)。不同性别患儿过敏原sIgE检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);1~<4岁患儿鸡蛋白/蛋黄、屋尘、牛奶、小麦面粉sIgE检出率最高,4~6岁患儿交链孢霉sIgE检出率最高,>6岁患儿粉尘螨sIgE检出率最高。荨麻疹患儿屋尘sIgE检出率高于湿疹患儿,其余几种过敏原sIgE检出率与湿疹患儿比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论该研究结果在一定程度上反映了湿疹、荨麻疹患儿过敏原sIgE的流行特征,有助于疾病的诊断和防治。

Objective To analyze the quantitative test results of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE)in children patients with eczema and urticaria in Tianjin area,so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The enzyme-linked immunocapture method was adopted to conduct the inhalation and food allergen sIgE detection in 1023 children cases of eczema and 647 children cases of urticaria treated in Tianjin Children′s Hospital from August 2019 to March 2020,and the detection results were statistically analyzed.Results Among 1670 children cases,1254 cases of allergen sIgE positive were detected with a detection rate of 75.09%;1185 cases(70.96%)of food allergen sIgE positive were detected and 739 cases(44.25%)of inhalation allergen sIgE positive were detected.The top three of detected food allergens from high to low in turn were egg white and yolk(943 cases,56.47%),milk(533 cases,31.92%)and wheat flour(336 cases,20.12%)and the top three of the inhaled allergen from high to low in turn were house dust(561 cases,33.59%),alternaria alternata(182 cases,10.90%)and dust mite(127 cases,7.60%).There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of allergens sIgE between male and female children patients(P>0.05).The sIgE detection rate of egg white and yolk,house dust,milk and wheat flour was the highestin the children patients aged 1-<4 years old,the alternaria alternata sIgE detection rate was the highest in the children patients aged 4-6 years old and the detection rate of dust mite sIgE was the highest in children patients aged>6-years old.The detection rate of house dust sIgE in children patients with urticaria was higher than that in children patients with eczema,and the detection rates of sIgE for the rest allergens had no statistically significantly difference in children patients with eczema and urticaria(P>0.05).Conclusion This study results reflect the epidemic characteristics of allergen sIgE in children patients with eczema and urticaria to a certain extent,which is helpful for the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of the diseases.