惠特曼诗歌中的生态整体意识

On Ecological Holism in Walt Whitman’s Poetry

瓦尔特·惠特曼在美国文坛和世界文坛享有崇高声誉,人们称之为“美国19世纪最杰出的诗人”和“现代诗歌的开创者”。对他的研究是汗牛充栋,或从诗歌主题,或从语言等方面开展;但是,从生态整体意识的角度,全面分析其诗歌的研究似不多见。惠特曼诗歌中的生态整体主义意识主要表现在以下四个方面:热情地讴歌了大自然;表明了他的生态平衡主义意识;说明人类只是大自然的一部分;运用拟人修辞手法体现了自然的主体地位、内在价值和对自然的尊重。从生态整体主义的视角,分析惠特曼诗歌作品中表达的生态整体主义,以有利于我国公民生态意识的提高和加快生态文明建设。

Walt Whitman,regarded as the most outstanding American poet in the 19th century and the founder of modern poetry,enjoys very high reputation both in the United States and the world.There are many researches on his works,either from the perspective of poetic themes or from language features,et cetera.However,there are few studies that have yet comprehensively probed into the ecological holism in his poetry,which finds its expression in the following four aspects:eulogizing nature with enthusiasm,revealing his awareness of ecological equilibrium,reiterating that humans are part of nature,and asserting the superiority,intrinsic value and respect for nature via anthropomorphic rhetoric.This paper tries to analyze Whitman’s poetry in the light of ecological holism to contribute to the construction of ecological civilization and the enhancement of citizen’s ecological consciousness in China.