建水方言“番茄”义的词形分布及成因解释

Morphological Distribution&Cause Interpretation of“Tomato”in Jianshui Dialect

建水方言中表“番茄”义的词形有三个:番茄、状元红、酸汤果,其中“状元红”和“酸汤果”是建水地区早于“番茄”使用的“古语”。从语言调查结果与方言地图的呈现中发现,两种词形因地理阻隔、行政区划变更与普通话普及等原因在建水境内形成南北对立的地理格局,并且有着不同的来源。“酸汤果”词形源于当地人对“番茄”最直观形象的认知,“状元红”词形则与建水“俗尚诗书”的民间风气有关。

In Jianshui dialect,there are three words that express the meaning of“tomato”:tomato,champion red,and sour soup fruit.Among them,champion red,and sour soup fruit are ancient words used earlier than tomato in Jianshui area.From the results of the language survey and the presentation of dialect maps,it is found that the two forms of words have formed a north-south geographical pattern in Jianshui due to geographical barriers,changes in administrative divisions,and popularization of Mandarin,and they have different sources.