《泰阿泰德》中的两种哲人——关于对话中两次“离题话”的一种解读

Two Types of Philosophers in Theaetetus

柏拉图的《泰阿泰德》中有两段为人熟知却常被忽视的离题话,姑且可称作“助产术”和“离题漫谈”。本研究就着眼于这两段隐匿于柏拉图知识论名篇的文字,并对其中所描述的两种典型的哲人形象展开分析,力图诠释两者之间的关联与差异;同时,这两种哲人形象作为两种范式,其背后存在着对于哲人的两种理解,而这不同的理解当中,更是潜藏着对于哲学史的现实关切,即为我们考察苏格拉底和柏拉图笔下的苏格拉底以及柏拉图本人作为一个哲人所呈现出的形象提供了一个维度。通过对于文本的解读,也尝试为《泰阿泰德》中的这两个段落提供一种解读,从而见微知著地使柏拉图用这部对话所要呈现的问题之整体得以展开。

In Plato s Theaetetus,there are two well-known parts though often neglected by readers and treated as two digressions,which I prefer naming as‘the midwifery’(142a-151d)and‘the digression’(172a-177c)respectively.Focusing on these two parts whose lights are covered by the epistemic theme of this dialogue,I try to analyze the descriptions of two typical images of philosophers that hide inside in order to provide an interpretation of the consistancy and discrepancy between them;in the meantime,these two figures of philosophers,regarded as two paradigms,underlie two comprehensive perspectives to understand what the philosopher is.Furthermore,a long-lasting question haunting in the history of philosophy now and then should be taken into serious consideration during the process,in that I may propose a thread to inspect the differences among historical Socrates,Plato s Socrates,and Plato himself as a philosopher.By the reading of the digressions,it is expected to offer a promising approach to understanding the dialogue as a whole,and broaden the way the splendor of Plato s thought shines through this dialogue directly into our hearts.