高熵非晶材料及其增材制造技术研究进展

Research progress of high-entropy amorphous materials and their additive manufacturing technology

高熵非晶合金具有独特的物理、化学和力学性能以及更好的热稳定性,因而其制备技术成为国内外重要的研究热点之一.然而利用传统技术制备高熵非晶材料时会产生晶粒粗大及材料浪费等缺点,难以满足工艺生产需要.而增材制造技术的精准制造和快速冷却等特点可以解决这一问题,制备出各项性能优越的高熵非晶合金.简要介绍了高熵非晶材料的研究体系和常用制造方法,着重阐述了高熵非晶材料的断裂强度、耐腐蚀性和热稳定性的研究,对增材制造技术的工艺特征和优势,以及利用增材制造技术制备高熵非晶合金的科学难点作出了总结.结果表明,利用增材制造技术有利于获得致密均匀的高熵非晶材料,但对于非晶相形成的解释仅限于高熵合金4大效应.最后阐述了近年来利用常用的两种增材制造手段制造高熵非晶合金的研究,并对增材制造技术制备高熵非晶材料的发展趋势提出了展望.

High-entropy amorphous alloys(HEAAs)exhibit unique physical,chemical and mechanical properties as well as better thermal stability.Thus,its fabrication technology has become one of the important research hotspots at home and abroad.However,high-entropy amorphous materials manufactured by traditional technology had defects such as coarse crystal grains and material waste,which was difficult to meet the needs of processing production.The precise manufacturing and rapid cooling of additive manufacturing technology could solve the problems,and produce high entropy amorphous alloys with superior properties.This review research briefly introduced the research system and common preparation methods of high-entropy amorphous materials.It mainly focused on the research about fracture strength,corrosion resistance and thermal stability of high-entropy amorphous materials.The process features and advantages of additive manufacturing technology,and the scientific difficulties for applying this technology to fabricate highentropy amorphous alloys were summarized.The results showed that additive manufacturing technology contributed to high-entropy amorphous materials with dense and uniform microstructures,while the explanation for the formation of amorphous phases was limited to the four effects of highentropy alloys,Finally,a discussion with two additive manufacturing methods commonly used in the fabrication of high-entropy amorphous materials in recent years was made.Furthermore,the prospects for the development trend of fabricating high-entropy amorphous materials by additive manufacturing technology were put forward.