乡村振兴视域下土地经营权融资担保法律制度研究

Study on Legal Institutions of Financing Guarantee of Land Operation Right from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization

研究目的:明确土地经营权性质和担保形式,对土地经营权融资担保法律制度提出完善建议。研究方法:规范分析法。研究结果:(1)现行法下土地经营权的法律属性为物权,融资担保形式为抵押。(2)地上农作物原则上不纳入抵押权效力范围,但农业设施等其他地上构筑物除外。(3)土地经营权抵押采用登记生效主义更能确保交易安全。(4)合理限制承包方对流转合同的单方解除权可以保障抵押权稳定。(5)通过执行程序实现抵押权时,价值较小的土地经营权不宜坚持拍卖优先原则;增加强制管理这一实现方式,并允许与拍卖程序并行。研究结论:土地经营权是农地财产归属与利用相分离的结果,基于权利结构与权利客体的特殊性,其融资担保制度不能被一般规则所涵括。在未来出台的土地经营权融资担保立法中,应当在给予土地经营权人更多法律保护的基础上兼顾其他主体利益,并针对不同特点的土地经营权采用相适应的担保权利实现方式,促进融资担保功能的实现。

The purposes of this paper are to clarify the nature and guarantee form of land operation rights,and to put forward the suggestions for improving the financing guarantee legal system.The method of normative analysis is used.The results showed that:1)land operation right is an usufructuary right,and the form of financing guarantee is mortgage.2)Above-ground crops are not included in the scope of mortgage,except for other above-ground structures,such as agricultural facilities.3)Taking the registration as a condition for mortgage right can ensure transaction security.4)Reasonably restricting the contractor’s right to terminate the contract can ensure the stability of the mortgage right.5)In the execution procedure,the land operation right with small value should not adhere to the principle of auction priority;the compulsory operation as a realization way of mortgage should be added and allowed to concurrent with the auction procedure.In conclusion,land operation right is the result of the separation between the ownership and utilization of agricultural land.Based on the particularity of right structure and object,its financing guarantee system cannot apply the general rule.As for the financing guarantee legislation in the future,the interests of other subjects should be considered based on granting more legal protection to the owner of land operation right,and land operation rights with different characteristics should adopt suitable realization method of the guarantee to promote the realization of the financing guarantee function.