25种药剂处理对西瓜种传细菌性果斑病菌的抑制效果

Inhibitory effect of 25 bactericide on watermelon bacterial fruit blotch by seed treatment

细菌性果斑病是一种为害西瓜生产的种传病害,病原菌为西瓜噬酸菌,种子消毒是防治细菌性果斑病的首要措施。采用平板抑菌圈法从25种杀菌剂中筛选出8种对西瓜噬酸菌抑菌效果好的药剂,其中5000 mg·L^(-1)杀菌剂1号AS平均抑菌圈直径最大;用这些药剂对带菌西瓜种子进行处理,结果表明,5000、2500、1250 mg·L^(-1)的杀菌剂1号AS,1000、2000 mg·L^(-1)的25%寡糖·乙蒜素ME,100000 mg·L^(-1)的80%乙蒜素EC和300、150 mg·L^(-1)的3%噻霉酮WP都有较好的杀菌效果,其中25%寡糖·乙蒜素ME和杀菌剂1号AS虽有杀菌作用,但浓度过高会影响种子萌发;100000 mg·L^(-1)80%乙蒜素EC处理的种子发芽率与对照相比提高了22.22%,300、150 mg·L^(-1)的3%噻霉酮WP处理的种子发芽率分别比对照提高58.73%、53.97%。试验结果表明,乙蒜素和噻霉酮对西瓜嗜酸菌有抑菌作用的同时不会抑制种子萌发,噻霉酮促生效果更佳,可初步作为防治细菌性果斑病的种子处理剂。

Bacterial fruit blotch(Acidovorax citrulli)is a highly harmful seed-borne disease on watermelon.Once the disease occurs,it will cause serious loss of watermelon production.Seed disinfection is the first measure to prevent and control bacterial fruit blotch.In this experiment,the plate inhibition zone method was used to screen out 8 agents with good antibacterial effect on AC from 25 fungicides.Among them,5000 mg·L^(-1) fungicidal No.1 had the largest average bacteriostatic zone.After the treatment of watermelon seeds with these agents,it was found that 5000 mg·L^(-1),2500 mg·L^(-1),1250 mg·L^(-1) fungicide AS,1000 mg·L^(-1) and 2000 mg·L^(-1)25%oligosaccharide Elicin ME,The 100000 mg·L^(-1)80%acetallicin EC,300 mg·L^(-1) and 150 mg·L^(-1)3%thiamethanone WP showed good germicidal effect on new seeds.Although 25%oligosaccharide·acetallicin ME and fungicide No.1 AS had germicidal effect,they would inhibit new seed germination with too high concentration.Compared with the control,the germination rate of 100000 mg·L^(-1)80%ethyl allicin EC was increased by 22.22%,and the 3%thiamethanone WP of 300 mg·L^(-1) and 150 mg·L^(-1) were increased by more than 50%.Moreover,the germination of seeds was obviously promoted by 80%ethyl allicin EC.It was found that both ethicallin and thiamelone had antibacterial effect on acidophagocytes and did not inhibit new seed germination,thiamelone had better effect on promoting growth and could be used as seed treatment agent for preventing and controlling bacterial fruit blotch.