卫拉特民间文学的多元文化共生互动传统——以英雄嘎勒登巴传说故事为例

The Multicultural Symbiosis and Interaction of Oirat Folk Literature—Take the Legend of the Hero Galdenbaa As An Example

卫拉特是生活在阿尔泰山附近的土尔扈特部、和硕特部、绰罗斯部、杜尔伯特部及辉特部等部落蒙古人的统称,因历史与地理等因素,他们与其他邻近草原民族互动交往较为密切,逐渐形成了卫拉特民间文学独有的多元文化共生互动传统。在丰富多彩的卫拉特民间文学图景中,英雄嘎勒登巴的传说故事流传甚广。传说中嘎勒登巴与不同民族的人物形象之间战斗、结拜和婚恋的关系,揭示了卫拉特文化与其他北方草原文化之间自古以来不仅存在于同一个社会框架内,还以身份认同、对话合作、交流融合的互动形式,证明了各民族文化之间是“你中有我、我中有你”的。同时,也进一步证明多元文化共生互动是文化间必然发生的,而卫拉特民间文学就是最经典的例证之一。

In the long process of historical communication with other neighboring grassland nationalities,the Oirat people have formed a unique tradition of multi-cultural symbiosis and interaction in folk literature.In the rich and wonderful picture of Oirat folk literature,the legend of the hero Galdenbaa is widely known.In the legend,the relationship between Galdenbaa and the characters of different nationalities is characterized by battle,worship and marriage.It reveals that the relationship between Oirat culture and other northern grassland cultures,especially the Central Asian Turkic culture,not only exists in the same social framework,but also give the Oirat culture a dynamic gaze in the form of identification,dialogue and cooperation,mix and exchange.