古代近东野人叙事传统与希伯来野人叙事传统——以恩奇都与参孙为例

Wild Men Narrative Tradition of Ancient Near East and Hebrew:Taking Enkidu and Samson for Examples

希伯来文化诞生于古代近东文化的土壤,两者之间存在千丝万缕的联系,野人叙事就是这种联系的体现之一。恩奇都与参孙分别是古代近东文化和希伯来文化中野人形象的典型代表,对二者之间的异同加以分析,能够证明希伯来野人叙事传统与古代近东野人叙事传统之间“借壳”而“异质”、影响而超越的关系。尽管参孙暴躁、任性、与动物关系密切的特征彰显了他的野人底色,但在希伯来文化语境的特有观念下,参孙最终却成为具有拿细耳人和士师身份的希伯来英雄。

The Hebrew culture originated in the fertile cultural land of the Ancient Near East,and with many links in between.As an example of the relationship between the two,the wild men narrative serves as a bridge between these two cultures.Enkidu and Samson are typical representatives of wild men in the culture of ancient Near Eastern and Hebrew.Through analyzing the similarities and differences between the two,this paper proves the relationship between them is“influence but transcendence”and“reference but difference”.Samson’s petulance,capriciousness and close relationship with animals reveal his wild men background,but under the divine influence of Hebrew cultural context,he finally becomes a Nazarite and Judge with Hebrew hero as the core.