20世纪80年代知识分子主体性的可能与不可能——电影《黑炮事件》中的象棋

Intellectuals’Subjectivity:Its Possibility and Impossibility in 1980s—Chess in the Movie of The Black Cannon Incident

20世纪80年代知识分子形象成为人们想象历史的主体,被寄予了启蒙希望。80年代中期的电影《黑炮事件》呼唤知识分子挣脱枷锁,实现自由解放,获得自我主体性。电影中的知识分子赵书信寻找黑炮棋子,找回棋子,并把这一棋子丢入棋盘,整个过程展现了知识分子渴望精神逃逸、安放自我个性空间的主体冲动。同时,这一过程也暴露出知识分子主体性内在的问题,即这种主体性一方面使知识分子成为现代化工程这一盘大棋中的“棋子”,另一方面孕育了中产阶级个人主义的伦理合法性。

In the 1980s,the image of intellectuals became the subject of people’s imagination for history,a hoping source of enlightenment.The film Black Cannon Incident in the mid-1980s called on intellectuals to break the shackles,to achieve freedom and liberation,and to gain self-subjectivity.The intellectual Zhao Shuxin in the movie looks for the black cannon piece,retrieves the piece,and throws the piece onto the chessboard.The whole process shows the intellectual’s longing for spiritual freedom and personality space.At the same time,this process also exposed the inherent problems of the subjectivity of intellectuals.On one hand,this subjectivity made intellectuals the“pieces”in the chess game of modernization,and on the other hand,it gave birth to the ethical legitimacy of middle-class individualism.