集体记忆视域下日本媒体的坂本龙马形象建构

Japanese Media’s Image Construction of Sakamoto Ryoma from the Perspective of Collective Memory

自明治维新以来,坂本龙马一直是受日本民众崇拜的国民英雄。从名不见经传到声名鹊起,坂本龙马形象塑造大致经历了四个阶段:明治维新时期的民主斗士形象、日俄战争时期的"军神"形象、二战后的国民英雄形象和新媒体时代的多元形象。在传统媒体时代,坂本龙马"神格化"形象体现了集体记忆的建构性。但新媒体时代坂本龙马"高大全"的神化形象开始备受争议,出现了关于坂本龙马的多元叙事。当前,坂本龙马形象建构话语权之争仍在延续。

Since the time of the Meiji Restoration,Ryoma Sakamoto has always been a national hero worshipped and respected by the Japanese people.From his start as an unknown to the height of his fame the image of Sakamoto Ryoma has gone through four stages:the image of democratic fighter in the Meiji period;the image of"military God"in the period of the Russo-Japanese War;the national hero after World War II;and the pluralistic image in the new media era.In the era of traditional media,the"deified"image of Ryoma Sakamoto embodies the constructiveness of collective memory.However,in the new media era,Sakamoto Ryoma has gradually stepped down from the altar,and the heroic image of"Gao Daquan"is gradually collapsing,resulting in diversified narratives about Sakamoto Ryoma.At present,the debate on the right of discourse in the construction of Sakamoto’s image is still continuing.