富硒油菜粉急性毒性研究及30天喂养实验

Study of Acute Toxicity and 30-days Feeding Test of Selenium-enriched Rape

以硒含量为4000 mg/kg的富硒油菜粉为材料,研究其对大鼠的急性毒性和安全性.急性毒性实验选用霍恩法,剂量选取0.316、1.000、3.160、10.000 g/kg·BW 4个剂量组,一次经口灌胃,14 d观察期;安全性试验采用30 d喂养实验,对照组灌胃蒸馏水,实验组剂量为0.360 mg/kg·BW的富硒油菜粉,30 d内每日灌胃.观察期结束后剖检大鼠,观察病变状况,取主要脏器称重计算脏器比.结果显示:急性毒性实验中最高剂量组死亡2只,其余组无死亡,死亡大鼠肺部出血严重,肝脏病变严重,富硒油菜粉对大鼠的急性毒性靶器官主要是肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、心脏和脾脏,各类脏器指数与其余剂量组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);其余各剂量组间各类脏器指数无显著性差异(P>0.05).在30 d喂养实验中,实验组的雌、雄大鼠无明显异常,与对照组相比各类脏器指数、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(CRE)和谷草转氨酶(AST)无显著性差异(P>0.05),雄性组的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)存在显著性差异(P<0.05).结果表明,富硒油菜粉对大鼠灌胃给药的LD_(50)为11.75 g/kg·BW(以硒计为47 mg/kg·BW),大于10 g/kg·BW,为实际无毒类物质,具有成为优质硒补充剂的潜力;30 d喂养实验表明以0.09 g/kg·BW的富硒油菜粉喂养,未产生有害作用.

The selenium-enriched rapeseed powder with a selenium content of 4000 mg/kg was used as the material to study its acute toxicity and safety to rats.Horn’s method is used for acute toxicity test,and 4 dose groups are 0.316,1.000,3.160,and 10.000 g/kg·BW respectively.Once oral gavage,14 d’s observation period;30-day feeding test for safety test,a gavage of distilled water for the control group,the dose of the experimental group was 0.360 mg/kg·BW of selenium-enriched rape powder,and the rats were given intragastrically every day during 30 days.After the end of the observation period,the rats were killed to observe the pathological changes,and the main organs were weighed to calculate the organ ratio.The results showed that in the acute toxicity experiment,there were 2 deaths in the highest dose group and no death in the other groups.The dead rats had severe lung hemorrhage and severe liver disease.The acute toxicity target organs of selenium-enriched rape powder to rats were liver,kidney,and lungs.There were significant differences between the heart and spleen,various organ indexes and the other dose groups(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in various organ indexes among the other dose groups(P>0.05).In the 30-days feeding test,the male and female rats in the experimental group had no obvious abnormalities.Compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in various organ indexes,urea(Urea),creatinine(CRE)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(P>0.05)),but there was a significant difference in alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in the male group(P<0.05).The results showed that the LD_(50) of selenium-enriched rape powder administered to rats by intragastric administration was 11.75 g/kg·BW(47 mg/kg·BW as selenium),which was greater than 10 g/kg·BW,and was actually non-toxic and had the potential to become a high-quality selenium supplement;the 30-days feeding test showed that feeding with 0.09 g/kg·BW selenium-enriched rape powder did not produce harmful effects.