英国城市复兴运动中工业遗产保护与利用的形塑、类型及经验分析

The Shaping,Typology and Experience of Industrial Heritage Conservation and Reuse in UK’s Urban Regeneration

在郊区化、逆城市化及去工业化程度日益加深的20世纪中后期,英国依托工业遗产保护与利用以应对日益严峻的形象恶化、劳动力流失、经济萧条等复杂城市问题,而作为其核心施政对象的工业遗产在类型上可归结为三大类:工业生产类、工业交通类及工业社会类。实践中,其主要呈现出秉承各利益相关者平衡发展的理念、强调对工业遗产的整体性利用等六大关键问题。随着英国工业遗产保护与利用的城市融合程度日益深化、精细化和规模化,其六个方面的多维经验也得以产生:以城市文化为关键点、以城市工业社区为作用力、以城市文化地标为精髓、以城市文化空间为平台、以城市文化区为特色及以城市文化创意产业为驱动力。

Suburbanization,counter-urbanization and de-industrialization in UK were getting increasingly serious in the mid-and late-20th century.It addressed the complicated urban issues of image deterioration,labor loss and economic depression by means of industrial heritage conservation and utilization.As the crucial policy object,industrial heritage falls into three types:manufacture,transportation and society.Six key principles emerge in practice,including adherence to a balanced development concept for all stakeholders and emphasis on a holistic use of industrial heritage.At the same time,six multidimensional experiences emerge with the deepening,refinement and up-scale of UK urban integration of industrial heritage conservation and utilization.Measures include taking urban culture as the key point,urban industrial communities as the force,urban cultural landmarks as the essence,urban cultural spaces as the platform,urban cultural districts as the characteristics and urban cultural and innovative industries as the driving force.