生物共同体、固有价值与尊重自然--基于泰勒生物中心主义伦理学对现代西方环境哲学的批判

Biotic Community,Inherent Value and Respect for Nature:Critique of Modern Western Environmental Philosophy Based on Taylor’s Biocentric Ethics

泰勒是现代环境哲学生物中心主义的典型代表,但他的理论是存在缺陷的,主要表现为:认为人类仅为生物共同体中的普遍一员;假定具有规范性的固有价值概念,并割裂其与内在价值的联系;前二者使得尊重自然的伦理标准和规则失去了现实可行性。泰勒理论的失败表明现代西方环境哲学是不适宜的,环境哲学要有实践性,就必须坚持新人类中心主义和整体主义。

Taylor is a typical representative of the biocentrism of modern environmental philosophy.However,in Taylor’s theory there are some flaws that can be mainly summarized as follows:he believes that human beings are only a common member of the biotic community;he assumes that there exists a concept of normative inherent value and separates it from the internal value.The ethical standards and rules of respect for nature are hence infeasible in practice.The failure of Taylor’s theory proves that modern western environmental philosophy is not workable.Only by adhering to new anthropocentrism and holism can environmental philosophy be of practicality.