稷下道家生态哲学思想论纲

An Outline of Jixia Taoist Ecological Philosophy

稷下学派是先秦哲学的重要组成部分,其中以稷下道家文献资料最为充分、学术地位最为尊崇、后世影响最为广泛。稷下道家生态哲学思想围绕“道”展开:从道论逻辑来看,作为原始道家的传承者,稷下道家在某种意义上实现了老子自然之道与庄子身心之道的统一,因其对社会、自然的双向关注而显现积极入世的特点;从道论总纲来看,稷下道家思想有着推天道以明人事的思维模式和天地万物一体、宇宙万变一橐的整体自然观;从道论细目来看,稷下道家以精气、阴阳论道,比较合理地定义了人与自然万物的平等关系,其“因”论具有因顺自然之视角、“时”论主张遵循自然生物之时则、“度”论提倡恪守适度法则与环境保护法规。稷下道家生态哲学思想并不能直接拿来解决今日的生态问题,而是需要进行创造性转换与创新性发展。

In the philosophy before Qin Dynasty,an important part is Jixia School whose Taoism boasts the most abundant literature,the most respected academic status and the most far-reaching influence on later generations.The ecological philosophy of Jixia Taoism is centered on“Tao”.From the logic of Taoist theory,as the inheritor of primitive Taoism,Jixia Taoism in a sense realizes the unity of Lao Zi’s natural way and Zhuang Zi’s physical and mental way.Its bidirectional attention to society and nature manifests its positive engagement in the world,so on the whole,it has the remarkable characteristics of spreading itself to the society.From the general principle of Taoist theory,Jixia Taoism advocates a thinking mode of promoting ways of heaven to settle human affairs,and proposes a holistic view of nature in which all things in heaven and on earth are united as one,and the universe changes into a whole.In terms of the subsections of Taoist theory,Jixia Taoism illustrates Tao with concepts like Qi,Yin and Yang,giving a fairly reasonable definition of the equal relationship between mankind and all things in nature.Its idea of“cause”is explained from the perspective of following ecological nature,“time”is advocated to follow the time law of natural creatures,and“limit”is put forward to abide by the law of moderation and the regulation of environmental protection.However,Jixia Taoist ecological philosophy cannot be directly applied to solve today’s ecological problems,but needs creative transformation and innovative development.