LEO空间目标的非协同共视观测及初轨确定

Non-Cooperative Common-View Observation of LEO Space Objects and Initial Orbit Determination

测角数据的初轨确定(IOD)是通过光学观测技术进行空间目标编目的关键,然而对于低地球轨道(LEO)空间目标,地基光学观测所获得的数据弧长较短且不包含距离信息。因此,在进行IOD时,所得轨道的误差往往较大,难以应用于进一步的工作中。针对上述问题,研究了LEO空间目标的非协同共视观测技术及其初轨确定,并基于统计学提出了一种利用非协同共视观测技术定位空间目标的新方法。结合中国科学院空间目标与碎片观测网的光学测角数据进行了实验验证,结果表明,所提方法对Ajisai卫星定位的均方根(RMS)误差小于100 m,对空间碎片CZ-2C R/B定位的RMS误差小于200 m,优于传统的三角视差法。随后,将上述定位结果用于IOD,所得轨道半长轴的误差在1 km左右。

Angles-Only initial orbit determination(IOD)is the key to space object cataloguing for optical observation systems.For space objects in Low Earth Orbit(LEO),the observed arcs obtained by ground-based optical observation systems are too short and without range information.Therefore,the IOD results of them have large errors and are unusable in further studies.For this reason,this paper studies the non-cooperative common-view observation technology of LEO space objects and relevant initial orbit determination.Based on statistics,a new method of space object positioning by non-cooperative common-view observation technique is proposed.With optical observations from the space object and debris observation network of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the experiment is conducted to validate the proposed method.The results show that the root mean square(RMS)error of the proposed method is less than 100 m for the satellite Ajisai and that is less than 200 m for the space debris CZ-2 C R/B,which means this method is better than the traditional trigonometric parallax method.The positioning results are then used to IOD,and the obtained semi-major axis errors are around 1 km.