基于化学学科理解的主题素养功能研究:内涵与路径

The Research on the Thematic Competency Function Based on the Understanding of Chemistry Subject:Connotation and Path

学科核心素养取向的化学教学需要教师挖掘特定主题学科知识的素养功能。在此过程中,化学学科理解至关重要,它能够对学科知识结构进行高度凝练和概括,抽提主题特有的思维方式和方法,使知识具有素养功能,使思路具有迁移价值。化学学科理解包含本原性问题、认识视角与思路、概念层级结构三个要素,具有学科与主题特质性、本原性与结构化、建构性三个基本特征。基于化学学科理解挖掘主题素养功能可遵循聚焦科学发展的"矛盾点"(解决了什么问题)、抽提科学转折的"突破点"(如何解决问题)、明确时代背景的"特殊点"(问题是在什么背景下解决的)三条路径。

Chemistry teaching oriented by subject core competency requires teachers to tap into the competency function of thematic subject knowledge,of which chemistry subject understanding is crucial,enabling a high degree of condensation and generalization of subject knowledge,abstracting thematically specific ways of thinking and methods,giving knowledge a competency function,and providing the transfer value to ideas.Chemistry subject understanding contains three elements:original questions,cognitive perspectives and ideas,and conceptual hierarchy,and is characterized by specialty of subject and theme,originality and structure,and constructiveness.The thematic competency function based on the understanding of chemistry subject can be explored by focusing on the "contradictions" of scientific development(what problems have been solved),extracting the "breakthroughs" of scientific turnaround(how to solve the problems),and clarifying the "special points" of the historical background(under what background were the problems solved).