特殊教育发展的脉络、经验与展望

The Process,Experience and Prospects on the Development of Special Education over the Past 100 Years Under the Leadership of the Communist Party of China

中国百年特殊教育发展的历程,凝结着崇高的奋斗品行,始终弘扬人道主义精神,强化残疾儿童对党和政府的政治、思想及情感认同,促进残疾儿童全面发展。党对特殊教育指引的政治驱动机制是特殊教育事业非凡发展的内在驱使机制和前进灯塔。特殊教育的根本性质、教育体系、教育理念发生了翻天覆地的变化,特殊教育从社会教育到融合教育,进而发展成无排斥、无歧视、无分类的全纳教育,从分类教育发展到提供融合化、个别化的终身教育服务。全面总结特殊教育的历史经验进而透露其历史逻辑,对于开启新时代特殊教育的新征程寓意深远。

The development of special education over the past 100 years under the leadership of the Communist Party of China is crystallized in a noble character of struggle,and has always carried forward the humanitarian spirit,strengthened the political,ideological and emotional identity of children with disabilities with the Party and the government,and promoted the all-round development of these children.The political driving mechanism of the Party’s guidance for special education is the inherent driving mechanism and beacon for the extraordinary development of special education.The fundamental nature,education system and philosophy of special education have undergone radical changes,with special education evolving from social education to segregated education to integrated education and then to inclusive education without rejection,discrimination or classification,and from classified education to the integrated and individualized lifelong education services.A comprehensive summary of the historical experience of special education reveals its historical logic,which has far-reaching implications for starting a new journey of special education in the new era.