海南热带雨林国家公园黎族天然染料植物资源多样性及其利用

Diversity and Utilization of Natural Dye Plant Resources of Li Nationality in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

为全面了解黎锦制作过程中使用天然染料植物的黎族文化,调查海南热带雨林国家公园体制试点区内,黎族使用的天然染料植物资源本底,为传统天然染料植物与染色工艺的保护和产业化提供依据,为染料植物资源开发利用提供参考。2019年6月至2020年10月,采用关键人物访谈法(Key Informant Interview)和参与式调查法(Participatory Observation)对海南热带雨林国家公园体制试点区的69个村庄26个黎锦传承人进行访谈并收集相关信息。收集信息包括使用着色植物的种类、利用部位、资源来历、染料制作工艺和染色步骤,并对野青树(Indigofera suffruticosa)、姜黄(Curcuma longa)、苏木(Caesalpinia sappan)、台湾锥(Castanopsis jucunda)树皮4种色系的染料植物染色工艺进行记录,采集凭证标本和图像资料并整理编目。研究结果表明,海南黎族使用23种天然染料植物,隶属于16科20属,主要颜色有红、黄、蓝、黑、褐、紫和绿7种颜色。该研究对黎族天然染料植物资源的发掘潜力进行深入分析,系统研究天然染料植物及其染色工艺,结合美丽乡村建设和非遗文化传承,协同乡村振兴,提出科学开发利用染色工艺统筹策略。

In order to disseminate the traditional culture and fully understand Li nationality culture using natural dye plants in the production process of Li Jin,this paper investigated the background of natural dye plant resources used by Li nationality in Hainan tropical rain forest national park system pilot zone.From June 2019 to October 2020,this paper used key informant Interview and participatory observation to interview 26 inheritors of Lijin brocade which were from 69 villages in the pilot area of Hainan tropical rain forest national park.The collection of information included the types,parts,origins,dyeing process and dyeing procedure of natural dye plants.Meanwhile,this paper used participatory observation method to record the dying process of four dye plants,such as Indigofera suffruticosa,Curcuma longa,Caesalpinia sappan and Castanopsis jucunda,and the documented samples and image data were collected and catalogued.The results showed that there are 23 species of natural dye plants belonging to 16 families and20 genera.The main colours are red,yellow,blue,black,brown,purple and green.This paper analyzed the development potential of natural dye,put forward the overall strategy of scientific development and utilization of dying process from the natural dye plants and their dying process in combination with the beautiful rural construction,the intangible cultural heritage inheritance,and the rural revitalization.