历史记忆与非遗传承:湘西龙山传统村落文化遗产的保护与建设——基于洗车河镇老洞、耳洞二村的田野调查

Historical Memory and Inheritance:an Anthropological Investigation of the Cultural Heritage of Longshan Traditional Village in Xiangxi

老洞村与耳洞村作为入选第四批、第五批中国传统村落名单的名村,在文化遗产方面为湘西龙山县洗车河镇的典型代表。其谢家四合院遗址、清代谢氏古墓、三月堂历史文化遗存共同构成了洗车河镇物质文化遗产的重要元素,三棒鼓、打溜子、打围鼓、汉戏阳戏已渐趋成为洗车河镇非物质文化遗产的重要文化标志。“有形”遗产与“无形”遗产的有力结合无疑彰显着洗车河流域土家人的历史记忆与祖先认同。同时,洗车河镇两村“双形”遗产的保护亦应形成物质文化遗产保护群落,凝聚传承人与民间艺人的文化力量,形成镇域重要历史标志带,构成政府权力与民间力量的生产性互惠保护传承模式,持续彰显龙山县洗车河镇传统村落的非遗文化内涵,延续土家族历史文化血脉。

Laodong Village and Erdong Village are two typical representatives of Che River Town in Longshan County,Xiangxi City in terms of cultural heritage as the famous villages were selected in the fourth and fifth batches of Chinese traditional village list.The Xiejia Siheyuan site,the Qing Dynasty Xie's ancient tomb and the historical and cultural remains of the March Hall jointly constitute the important elements of the material cultural heritage of Xuchehe Town.The three-stick drum,the beating of the Yaozi,the beating of the Wai drum and the Han Opera Yang Opera have gradually become the important cultural symbols of the intangible cultural heritage of Xuchehe Town.The combination of"tangible"heritage and"intangible"heritage undoubtedly highlights the historical memory and ancestral identity of Tujia people in the Che River Basin.At the same time,the protection of the"double shape"heritage of the two villages in Xuchehe Town should also form the protection community of the material and cultural heritage,gather the cultural strength of inheritors and folk artists,form the important historical identification belt of the town,the productive and reciprocal protection and inheritance mode of the national government power and folk power.They never cease to manifest the intangible cultural connotation of the traditional village of Xuchehe Town in Longshan County,and to spread the history and culture of Tujia.