代际支持视角下成年子女外出与农村留守父母健康关系再审视

Re-examining the Relationship between Adult Children Migration and Rural Left-behind Parents’Health from the Perspective of Intergenerational Support

成年子女外出与留守父母健康关系是学界经典议题之一,但已有研究对此并未达成共识。区分子女对父母经济和时间两种代际支持方式,基于CHARLS 2018数据,采用广义倾向得分匹配方法和中介效应模型,对成年子女外出与农村留守父母健康关系进行了再验证。研究发现,成年子女外出对农村留守父母健康同时存在正向的经济支持效应和负向的时间缺失效应,当家庭子女外出比例较低时,正向的经济支持效应占主导,促进了父母健康改善;当家庭子女外出比例较高时,负向的时间缺失效应占主导,不利于父母健康改善,两种效应综合作用使得其对留守父母健康的影响随着外出比例由低到高呈现“先升后降”的倒“U”型关系。家庭经济状况和父母年龄段异质性分析表明,子女外出对低资产家庭或老年父母健康的正向经济支持效应更大,对高资产家庭或中年父母健康的负向时间缺失效应更大。研究结论的政策涵义是,应倡导子女经济支持和时间投入并举的孝亲方式,积极推进就地城镇化,丰富乡村文化生活,提高农村留守群体生活质量。

The relationship between adult children migration and their left-behind parents’health is one of the classic academic issues,but there is no consensus on this.This paper distinguishes two intergenerational support methods of children’s financial and time support to their parents.Based on the data of CHARLS 2018,the generalized propensity score matching method and the mediating effect model are used to re-examining the relationship between rural adult children migration and their parents’health.The study found that rural adult children migration have both positive financial support and negative time-deficiency effects on the health of their parents.When the proportion of children migration is low,the positive economic effect is dominant,which promotes the better health of parents.When the proportion of children migration is high,the negative missing effect dominates,which is not conducive to the improvement of parents’health.The combination of the two effects makes its impact on the health of parents appear the inverted“U”shape of“rising first and then falling”.Further analysis shows that children’s migration has a greater positive economic support effect on the health of lowequity families or elderly parents,and a greater negative time-loss effect on the health of high-equity families or middle-aged parents.The policy implication of the research conclusion is that advocating the way of filial piety for children’s economic support and time investment,actively promoting local urbanization,enriching rural cultural life and improving life quality of the left-behind groups in rural areas.