农业机械轻量化技术研究现状与发展趋势

State of the Art of Lightweight Technology in Agricultural Machinery and Its Development Trend

轻量化是未来车辆发展的重要方向,也是提升农业装备质量的必由之路。轻量化可以从结构优化、使用轻质材料、采用先进制造工艺三个方面出发,在不降低车辆性能和显著提高生产制造成本的前提下,寻求车辆的最佳结构和最优材料布局。对近些年来车辆轻量化技术的研究现状和进展以及在农机中的应用进行了综述,内容主要包括结构轻量化(尺寸优化、形状优化、拓扑优化和多学科设计优化)、材料轻量化(高强度钢、铝合金、镁合金、钛合金及塑料和复合材料)、工艺轻量化(激光焊接、热冲压成形、液压成形和铸造成形),最后对未来轻量化技术的发展方向和趋势进行讨论和探究,旨在为提高农机轻量化技术提供参考和借鉴。

Lightweight is an important development direction for future vehicle and is of significance for the improvement of agricultural machinery.Lightweight can be realized from three aspects like structural optimization,lightweight materials and advanced manufacturing processes to achieve the optimal structure and optimal material layout of the vehicles under the premise of no reducing the performance of the vehicle and significantly increasing the manufacturing cost.The research status and progress of vehicle lightweight technology and its application in agricultural machinery in recent years are reviewed,mainly including structural lightweight(size optimization,shape optimization,topology optimization and multidisciplinary design optimization),lightweight materials(high-strength steel,aluminum alloy,magnesium alloy,titanium alloy and plastics and composite materials),lightweight process(laser welding,hot stamping,hydro-forming and casting).Finally,the development direction and trend of future lightweight technology are discussed.The aim of this work is to improve the reference for the lightweight technology of future agricultural machinery.