不同配比杏鲍菇渣基质对西瓜生长及光合特性的影响

Effects of Different Proportion of Pleurotus eryngii Residue Substrates on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Watermelon

以"早春红玉"西瓜为试材,采用温室槽式栽培的方式,将发酵完全的杏鲍菇菇渣与草炭、珍珠岩和蛭石按不同体积比配制成4种配方基质,以V(草炭)∶V(珍珠岩)=2∶1为对照(CK),研究了不同配比基质理化性质及其对西瓜生长和光合特性的影响,通过相关分析和隶属函数法综合评价,筛选出适合西瓜栽培的基质配方,以期为山西省西瓜基质栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:与CK相比,各配比基质不同程度提高了其容重、pH和EC值;降低总孔隙度、持水孔隙度和通气孔隙度,均能满足西瓜的生长。随着生长期的延长(5月31日后),不同处理西瓜的株高和茎粗均高于CK,且不同处理间存在较大差异;T2处理优于其它处理。各处理西瓜的生长速率和茎粗增加幅度均极显著高于CK;T3处理的生长速率和茎粗增加幅度最小,但分别比CK提高11.28%和9.22%(P<0.01)。在膨瓜期,不同处理的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_(2)浓度均高于CK,而气孔限制值低于CK。不同配比基质应用效果的综合评价依次为T2>T4>T1>T3>CK。总之,不同配比基质均能促进西瓜植株的生长,其中T2[V(草炭)∶V(杏鲍菇渣)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=2∶1∶3∶1]效果最好。

Taking‘Zaochunhongyu’watermelon as test materials,using cultivation tanks in greenhouse,the physicochemical properties of substrates,and the effects on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of watermelon were studied with four cultivation matrix formulations composed of Pleurotus eryngii residue,peat,perlite and vermiculite in different volume ratios,[V(peat)∶V(perlite)=2∶1]was as control(CK).The suitable substrate formula for watermelon cultivation was selected through correlation analysis and subordinate function method,in order to provide reference for watermelon substrate cultivation in Shanxi.The results showed that the bulk density,pH and EC value were improved and the total porosity,water-holding porosity and aeration porosity were reduced of the substrates with different proportions compared with CK,but all of them could satisfy the growth of watermelon.The plant height and stem diameter of different treatments were higher than CK with the advancement of reproductive period(after May 31),and had great differences among different treatments.T2 was superior to other treatments.The absolute growth rate and increased range of stem diameter of treatments were significantly higher than CK,and T3 was the least,but improved 11.28% and 9.22% compared with CK(P<0.01).During fruit expanding period,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_(2) concentration of different treatments were higher than CK,but stomatal limit value was lower than CK.The comprehensive evaluation of substrates were T2>T4>T1>T3>CK.In a word,the growth of watermelon were promoted by substrates with different proportions,and T2[V(Pleurotus eryngii residue)∶V(peat)∶V(perlite)∶V(vermiculite)=2∶1∶3∶1]had optimum formula.