不同绿肥种植下盛花期土壤水分和氮磷淋失特征

Characteristics of Water Leaching and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Leaching in Soil Under Different Green Manure in Full Bloom

以光叶苕子、黑麦草、肥田萝卜为试材,采用盆栽试验法,研究了不同科绿肥搭配种植下盛花期时土壤水分淋失和氮、磷淋失特征,得出保水保肥效果最好的绿肥种植搭配,以期能够有效推广绿肥种植,提高土壤水土保持能力。结果表明:各品种绿肥生长速率变化趋势存在一定差异,其中处理光苕+肥萝中二者的生长速率在155~173 d时均大于其它处理中的相同绿肥。盛花期时,种植有黑麦草的处理每盆地上部鲜质量均高于其它处理,种植有肥田萝卜的处理每盆地下部鲜质量均高于其它处理。不同浇水量下,处理单种黑麦草、光苕+肥萝和光苕+肥萝+黑麦均能有效减少淋失水量,其中处理光苕+肥萝在浇水量为1000、1500 mL时减幅均最大,分别为92.68%、81.55%;处理单种肥田萝卜、光苕+肥萝和肥萝+黑麦均能有效降低土壤总氮、总磷淋失量,其中处理光苕+肥萝在浇水量为1000、1500 mL时降低幅度均最大,分别为92.31%、93.21%和77.88%、92.53%,浇水量为2000 mL时,土壤总磷淋失量降低幅度最大,降低了94.34%。通过相关性分析得出,淋失水量及总氮、总磷淋失量与地下部鲜质量显著相关。综上所述,不同科绿肥及其不同搭配种植下在盛花期时可不同程度减少土壤水分淋失,以及降低土壤总氮、总磷淋失量,且部分混种处理相对单种处理效果有所提高,其中豆科-光叶苕子与十字花科-肥田萝卜混种效果最佳,可进一步推广。

The Vicia villosa var.,Lolium perenne L.,and Raphanus sativus L.were used as test materials.A pot experiment was carried out.The characteristics of water leaching and nitrogen,phosphorus leaching in soil under different green manure combinations were studied in order to effectively promote green manure planting and improve water and soil conservation of soil in full bloom.The results showed that there was a certain difference in the change trend of the growth rate of various green manures,and the growth rates of the two treatments in the treatment of V.villosa var.+R.sativus L.were higher than that of the same green manure in other treatments.In the blooming period,the each pot of aboveground fresh weight in the treatment with L.perenne L.was higher than other treatments,and the each pot of underground fresh weight was higher than the others in the treatment with R.sativus L..Under different watering rates,the treatment of single species of L.perenne L.,V.villosa var.+R.sativus L.and V.villosa var.+R.sativus L.+L.perenne L.effectively reduce the amount of leaching water loss,and when the watering amount for treatment of V.villosa var.+R.sativus L.was 1000 mL and 1500 mL the reduction was the largest,92.68% and 81.55% respectively;the treatment of single R.sativus L.,V.villosa var.+R.sativus L.and R.sativus L.+L.perenne L.could effectively reduce soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus leaching loss.Among them,when the watering volume was 1000 mL and 1500 mL,the reduction of the treatment of spore V.villosa var.+R.sativus L.was the largest,which were 92.31%,93.21% and 77.88%,92.53%,respectively.When the watering volume was 2000 mL,the total phosphorus leaching loss in the soil decreased the most,which was reduced by 94.34%.Through correlation analysis,it was concluded that the leaching water loss,total nitrogen and total phosphorus leaching loss were significantly related to the fresh weight of the underground.It was concluded that planting green manure of different families and their combinations could effectively reduce soil water leaching loss,and reduce soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus leaching loss in different degrees,and the effect of some mixed planting treatments was better than that of single planting treatment in full bloom.The mixed planting of V.villosa var.and R.sativus L.had the best effect,and could be further promoted.