福建省大学生家庭居住条件及病态建筑综合征的调查

Investigation on family living conditions and sick building syndrome of college students in Fujian Province

目的了解福建省大学生家庭住宅条件及病态建筑综合征(SBS)情况,为制定改善和防控措施提供依据。方法设计专用大学生家庭居住条件及SBS的调查问卷,2020年7月随机整群抽取福建省12所高校学生3 416人,用"问卷星"形式收集问卷,包括住宅情况、住宅满意度等评价及SBS评分,并用SPSS软件进行多元逐步回归分析。结果共完成问卷3 416人,其中男1 352人(39.6%)、女2 064人(60.4%);住宅建成时间近30年者占88.0%,家庭住宅面积≥100m^(2)者占60.0%,个人居住面积≥15m^(2)者占53.2%,有独立房间者占88.1%,住宅受蚊子/苍蝇影响84.0%;满意度评分77.37±12.79、SBS评分86.13±13.30、居住条件总评分81.12±11.17,总体均属中等偏上。多元逐步回归分析结果显示:有独立房间者、家庭住宅面积越大者、个人居住面积越大者、居住地位于城市者、住宅建成时间越近者、居住地不受四害影响者、家中无人抽烟者,居住条件总评分较高(F=50.260,P<0.001)。结论目前福建省大学生居住条件情况总体属中等偏上;但应增加家庭住宅周边活动场地的数量和面积、消除四害,并重视SBS症状,减少其诱发因素,以提高住宅居住质量和水平。

Objective students in Fujian Province so as to provide the evidence for making the improvement and prevention measures.Methods A questionnaire was designed dedicatedly to investigate the family living conditions and the SBS of college students. In July2020, 3 416 students in 12 universities of Fujian Province were selected by the randomly cluster sampling method. The questionnaires were collected by www.wjx.cn, including the housing conditions, housing satisfaction, and SBS scores, and SPSS software was used for multiple stepwise regression analysis.ResultsA total of 3 416 students completed the questionnaire,including 1 352 male students(39.6%) and 2064 female students(60.4%). Totally 88.0% of the houses were built for nearly30 years, 60.0% of the family houses ≥ 100m;, 53.2% of the individual living area ≥ 15m;, 88.1% of the houses had the independent room, and 84.0% of the houses were affected by mosquitoes/flies. The average satisfaction score was 77.37±12.79,the SBS score was 86.13±13.30, and the total living condition score was 81.12±11.17, and overall, they were above medium.The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the total living condition scores were higher in the students with independent room, larger house area, larger individual living area, living in the urban area, house building more recently,house less affected by the four pests, no smokers in the house(F = 50.260, P < 0.001).ConclusionAt present, the living conditions of college students in Fujian Province are generally above medium. However, it is necessary to increase the quantity and area of activity fields around the family houses, eradicate the four pests, pay attention to SBS symptoms and reduce the inducing factors for improving the quality and level of living housing.