马克思拜物教批判中抽象与物化的关系

The Relationship between Abstraction and Reification in Marx’s Critique of Fetishism

抽象与物化是马克思拜物教批判的两个重要范畴,但它们之间的关系仍需进一步澄清。首先,劳动被抽象的过程同时也是"人格的物象化"过程。在交换过程中,生产者的人格及其关系都被抽象掉了,只留下劳动产品相互中介而形成的闭合体系的外观。抽象劳动揭示的是商品拜物教内在的、超感觉的"幽灵",而"人格的物象化"阐述的则是这个"幽灵"借以表现自身的、物的外观。其次,抽象统治与"物象的人格化"其实质都是社会统治,即非人格的、客观的社会形式对个人的支配与强制。抽象统治是物象的人格化的内在实质,"物象的人格化"是抽象统治的外在表现。最后,现实抽象与物化假象都源于抽象的社会现实基础上个人参与社会活动的无意识,只有通过革命实践,个人以共同体的方式有意识地掌握社会生产力,才能最终解决抽象与物化问题。只有实现抽象与物化之间的相互格义,才能更深层次地理解马克思的拜物教批判。

The abstraction and the reification are two significant categories in Marx’s critique of fetishism.But,what’s the relationship between them?Firstly,the process of abstraction of labor is the course of‘reification of persons’.The producers’persons are abstracted out when they exchange their products while leaving an appearance of a system of products merely.The abstract labor is a supra-sensible‘specter’in the commodity,and a thing or a material is the specter’s appearance.Secondly,the same essence of abstract domination and‘personification of things’is social domination,i.e.the individuals in modern society are dominated by the impersonal and objective social form.Lastly,the real abstraction and the reified appearance both result in the individuals’non-consciousness when they join social actions.But only they grasp the productive power of society consciously through a real community in the revolution,can the questions of abstraction and of reification be resolved completely.Only if we interpret abstraction and reification by each other,we can understand Marx’s critique of fetishism more deeply.