严苛环境高温力学试验技术研究进展

Research Progress of High Temperature Mechanical Test Technology in Severe Environment

重大工程领域中的高端装备通常在复杂载荷和严苛环境下服役,其中材料性能、多物理场载荷、环境和复杂几何特征等方面的因素给机械结构强度设计和服役安全评估带来了巨大挑战。针对服役环境下材料和结构性能测试问题,开展严苛环境高温力学试验技术研究,从而服务于核电、航空航天和化工能源等领域内关键高温部件的自主设计与制造。高温力学试验技术依赖于高温力学试验装置,我国于20世纪80年代开始大规模研制严苛环境下国产高温力学试验装备。重点阐述了国产严苛环境高温力学试验装备的发展历程,总结论述了严苛环境高温力学试验装备整体技术框架,详细分析严苛环境高温力学试验装备所涉及的4类关键技术,并介绍4类典型严苛环境国产高温力学试验装置及特点,最后对未来突破更加苛刻条件下的材料高温力学试验技术进行展望。

The high-end equipment in major engineering project usually served in harsh environment and complicated load conditions. To guarantee the structural integrity and service safety of the equipment, the influencing factors such as material properties, multi physical field loads, environment and complex geometric characteristics and mechanical structure strength design should be comprehensively evaluated. To acquire the significant parameters of material and mechanical structure in service environment, research on high-temperature mechanical test technology in harsh environment is carried out, so as to serve the independent design and manufacturing of key high-temperature components in the fields of nuclear power, aerospace, chemical energy and so on. High temperature mechanical test technology of domestic test equipment depends on high temperature mechanical test equipment. China began to develop domestic high-temperature mechanical test equipment in harsh environment in the 1980s. It focuses on the development process of domestic high-temperature mechanical test equipment in severe environment, summarizes and discusses the overall technical framework of high-temperature mechanical test equipment in severe environment, analyses in detail four types of key technologies involved in high-temperature mechanical test equipment in severe environment, and introduces the domestic high-temperature mechanical test equipment and characteristics of four types of typical severe environment. Finally, the future breakthrough of high temperature mechanical test technology under more severe conditions is prospected.