3D打印连续纤维增强复合材料研究现状综述

3D printed continuous fiber-reinforced composites:State of the art and perspectives

纤维增强复合材料因其优异的力学性能已被广泛应用于各工业领域,但由于传统制造工艺的限制,复合材料依然无法应用于一些具有复杂构型的结构。近年来,3D打印技术的快速发展有望实现复杂几何形状复合材料结构的有效制造,从而进一步拓展复合材料的应用范围。连续纤维增强复合材料3D打印技术的成熟应用对于中国高端装备的制造具有重要意义。从力学性能角度出发,对3D打印连续纤维增强复合材料的研究现状进行综述分析,重点分析了打印温度、打印层厚度、增强纤维类型、材料堆叠方式、纤维体积含量、打印扫描间距等工艺参数对复合材料力学性能的影响机制;讨论了3D打印复合材料在典型载荷下的力学性能及损伤演化规律,明确了影响/制约其力学性能的主要原因;介绍了3D打印复合材料的强度/刚度分析预测方法,并对研究发展趋势进行了总结和展望。

Three-Dimensional(3D)printing,also termed as Additive Manufacturing(AM),has experienced significant development in the last several years.This advanced technology has the potential to promote new revolution in high-end equipment manufacturing,and has been widely used in aerospace,marine,electronic and biomedical engineering.Fiber reinforced composites can offer significant advantages over metals,for their excellent mechanical properties,weight saving potential,good resistance to corrosion and fatigue,design tailorability,etc.AM of fiber-reinforced composites can promote AM into a robust manufacturing paradigm and make great possibility for customization,automatic fabrication and flexibility in designing high performance components with complicated geometries at relatively low cost and time.3D printed continuous fiber-reinforced composites therefore have got great attention in the last several years.This paper provides a critical review on the mechanical properties and performance of 3D printed continuous fiber-reinforced composites.Specifically,a thorough discussion on the effects of printing process parameters on the performance of 3D printed composites has been carefully provided in the first part of this paper.The mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of 3D printed composites under various loading conditions are subsequently discussed and summarized.The corresponding models and methods for stiffness and strength prediction of 3D printed composites are introduced in the third part.Future research directions and desirable objectives are also discussed.