重庆市40岁及以上居民骨质疏松症流行现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of osteoporosis in residents(≥40 years old)of Chongqing

目的了解重庆市居民骨质疏松症流行现状及影响因素,为制定骨质疏松症防控政策提供科学依据。方法研究数据来源于2018年重庆市骨质疏松症流行病学调查,于2018年1—3月,通过多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取重庆市4个区(县)32个居委会(村)1599名40岁及以上居民为调查对象。运用QDR 4500A双能X线骨密度仪测定骨密度,问卷调查人口学特征、日常生活方式和既往骨科史等。采用SPSS 25.0进行χ^(2)检验、Fisher确切概率法检验和多因素logistic回归分析。结果重庆市40岁及以上居民骨质疏松症患病率、低骨量率分别为15.01%、45.65%。女性骨质疏松患病率(21.53%)高于男性(5.30%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高年龄(与40-49岁组相比,50-64岁组OR=7.08,95%CI:3.70-13.55,65岁及以上组OR=15.92,95%CI:8.15-31.11)、女性(OR=6.06,95%CI:4.04-9.11)、有既往骨折史(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.24-2.88)与骨质疏松症患病高风险相关;文化程度较高(与小学及以下组相比,OR_(初中)=0.55,95%CI:0.38-0.79;OR_(高中及以上)=0.42,95%CI:0.28-0.65)、饮用牛奶(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.49-0.92)、超重(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.33-0.69)和肥胖(OR=0.28,95%CI:0.18-0.44)与骨质疏松症患病低风险相关,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论重庆市骨质疏松症患病率和低骨量率较高,应重点加强对老年和女性居民的健康教育和行为干预,促进健康生活方式的形成。

Objective To understand the present situation and influencing factors of osteoporosis(OP)in residents of Chongqing,and to provide the scientific basis for formulating policies of osteoporosis prevention and control.Methods The data were from epidemiological survey of osteoporosis in Chongqing in 2018.From January to March 2018,the multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1599 residents(≥40 years old)from 32 villages or neighborhood committee in 4 districts or counties of Chongqing as the subjects.The investigation was performed by questionnaire(demographic characteristics,lifestyle and history of orthopedics).The bone mineral density examination was measured by QDR 4500 A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.The χ^(2) test,Fisher’s exact probability test and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the data.The used software was SPSS 25.0.Results The morbidities of osteoporosis and osteopenia in residents(≥40 years old)of Chongqing were 15.01%and45.65%,respectively.The morbidity(21.53%)of osteoporosis in females was significantly higher than that(5.30%)in males.The multivariate logistic regression indicated that higher age(as compared with 40-49 years old group,50-64 years old group OR=7.08,95%CI:3.70-13.55;≥65 years old group OR=15.92,95%CI:8.15-31.11),female(OR=6.06,95%CI:4.04-9.11),the history of fracture(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.24-2.88)were high risk factor for osteoporosis.Higher educational level(as compared with group≤primary school level,junior high school OR=0.55,95%CI:0.38-0.79;high school or above OR=0.42,95%CI:0.28-0.65),milk intake(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.49-0.92),overweight(OR=0.48,95%CI:0.33-0.69)and obesity(OR=0.28,95%CI:0.18-0.44)were associated with lower risk of osteoporosis,P<0.05 or P<0.01.Conclusion The morbidity of osteoporosis and osteopenia is high among residents in Chongqing.Health education and behavior intervention should be focused on the elderly or female residents to promote the formulation of healthy lifestyle.