反垄断执法中的民生物价稳定问题:动因与实施路径

Problems of People’s Livelihood and Price Stability in the Enforcement of Anti-monopoly Law:Motivation and Implement Approach

反垄断执法对民生物价稳定问题的关注,是当代竞争法在追求经济效率目标之余,回应和实现社会公共利益价值的体现。我国的反垄断执法活动和民生物价稳定机制的实施呈现出彼此分离的状态:在一般时期,反垄断执法自身较少回应民生问题,导致民生物价稳定机制“缺位”;而当进入突发事件应对时期,又迫于现实压力,以严苛态度严打各类价格上涨行为,民生物价稳定机制又存在“越位”。疫情期间市场监管执法的经验和教训为反垄断执法中内置民生物价稳定机制提供了改革契机。一是要修改《价格法》与《反垄断法》存在矛盾的条款,使反垄断与民生物价稳定的法律依据更为统一;二是要针对自然垄断和公共物品领域出台反垄断指南和分析报告,明晰民生物资领域的竞争秩序和经营者合规标准;三是要在反垄断执法机构与价格执法机构之间建立起稳固的联合执法机制,确保执法标准化、规范化。

The concern for people’s livelihood and price stability in the enforcement of anti-monopoly law is a response of the modern competition law to social public interests and values,reflecting how the law ac⁃tualizes social public interests and values in addition to pursue targets of economical efficiency.The antimonopoly enforcement activities and the mechanism of stabilizing people’s livelihood and price in China are currently detached:in one period of time,anti-monopoly enforcement activities scarcely respond to problems of people’s wellbeing,resulting in the absence of the mechanism to stabilize people’s livelihood and prices;while in a period of emergency when all prices are rising,anti-monopoly enforcement is espe⁃cially harsh out of the pressure of reality,resulting in the“offside”of the mechanism to stabilize people’s livelihood and prices.The experience and lessons of market surveillance learned in the pandemic period have provided a reform opportunity for inlaying a mechanism to stabilize people’s livelihood and prices in anti-monopoly enforcement.Firstly,contradictory provisions in the Price Law and the Anti-monopoly Law should be modified so that the legal bases of antitrust and stabilization of people’s wellbeing and price are better aligned.Secondly,for natural monopoly and public goods,antitrust guidelines and analytic reports should be introduced to clarify the competition order and operator’s compliance standard in the field of goods and materials concerning people’s wellbeing.Thirdly,a stable joint enforcement mechanism be⁃tween antitrust enforcement agencies and price enforcement agencies to guarantee standardized and normal⁃ized law enforcement.