津巴布韦殖民时期族群关系的变迁

A study on changes of ethnic relations in colonial Zimbabwe

津巴布韦是一个多民族国家。殖民时期,津巴布韦的族群关系主要围绕黑人族群与白人族群、绍纳族与恩德贝莱族之间的关系展开,具体表现为白人族群以种族隔离为基础对黑人族群的剥削和压迫,黑人族群通过民族解放运动对白人族群的反抗和斗争,以及绍纳族和恩德贝莱族在民族解放运动中的矛盾与斗争。这两组族群关系不但促成了津巴布韦殖民时期的政治发展进程,而且对津巴布韦独立后的政治、经济与社会发展也产生重要影响。姆南加古瓦政府上台后,开始采取积极的民族政策来改善族群之间的关系,但真正实现民族和解与团结还有很长的路要走。

Zimbabwe is a multi-ethnic country.During the colonial period,Zimbabwe’s ethnic relations were built around the relations between the black and the white,and between the Shona and the Ndebele.The two ethnic relations were characterized by the white oppression on the black based on racial segregation,the black resistance against the white through the national liberation movement,as well as the conflicts between the Shona and Ndebele in the national liberation movement.The two ethnic relations not only shaped the political development of colonial Zimbabwe,but also had an important impact on the political,economic and social development of post-independent Zimbabwe.Although the Mnangagwa government has taken some proactive ethnic polices to improve the relations between different ethnic groups,it will still take a long time to achieve ethnic reconciliation and national unity in their true sense.