《龙文鞭影》的成书及其版本考述

A study on the text and edition of Longwenbianying

明国子监祭酒萧良有编纂的蒙学读物《龙文鞭影》原名《蒙养故事》,后经杨臣诤增订更以今名。但《蒙养故事》一书今无存本,致使后人对《龙文鞭影》的成书、版本以及流传等问题不甚了了。通过考证可知:《四字经》与《蒙养故事》乃同书异名,崇祯壬午年,杨臣诤在《四字经》基础上完成了对《龙文鞭影》的增订,现存聚学堂本崇祯壬午本是其最早版本。清代中后期,《龙文鞭影》广为流传,前后历经多次增订,由此形成杨臣诤增订本与李恩绶增订本两个系统。《龙文鞭影》的流布对清代童蒙教育产生了重要影响。

Xiao Liangyou,a scholar of the Imperial Academy of the Ming dynasty,compiled the famous primer Mengyang Stories,which was later revised and renamed by Yang Chenzheng,to be Longwenbianying.There is no existing copy of Mengyang Stories,which leaves later scholars little knowledge about the text formation,versions and circulation of Longwenbianying.By texual research,we now know that Sizijing and Mengyang Stories share same contents but with different names.In 1642,Yang Chenzheng revised Longwenbianying,based on Sizijing,with Juxuetang copy as the earliest one.In the middle and late Qing dynasty,Longwenbianying was widely spread and revised for many times,resulting in two versions,one enlarged version by Yang Chenzheng and the other by Li Enshou.The spread of Longwenbianying had an important impact on children’s education in the Qing dynasty.