警察行政执法表明身份规则的类型化构造

The Categorization of Police Identification Rules in Administrative Law

无论是中央层面制定的单行行政法,还是地方层面出台的统一行政程序规定,均将出示证件规定为执法人员表明身份的唯一方式。但在警察行政执法活动中适用此种单一化的规则,面临着影响执法效率、不当透露警察个人信息以及在特定个案中难以实施等问题。为此,应根据具体的执法情境,重新设计警察表明身份规则。当警察身处不对外开放的办公场所时,该空间足以揭示警察行使职权之身份,无须另行表明身份;在其他空间内,则应优先以穿着制服的方式来表明身份,只有在特定例外情形下才需要出示证件加以替代或补强。要确立上述类型化的警察表明身份规则,应修改《人民警察法》相关条文,同时在《行政处罚法》《行政强制法》以及未来出台的行政程序法等立法中对警察表明身份的方式作出特别授权。

Showing their identification papers is the only way of the identification of law-enforcing officers in signal administrative act laws enacted by the central government and uniform administrative procedure provisions enacted by local governments. Due to this simplifying rule,however,police officers are facing challenges,such as the inefficiency of law enforcement,personal information disclosure,and mismatching the rule in certain cases. Therefore,it’s imperative to redesign the rule according to specific law enforcement circumstances. Police need not to show their identification again in non-public law enforcement circumstances because of the space attribute. Wearing police uniforms should be the priority rule in other law enforcement circumstances. It is only in particular circumstances that police should show their identification papers. To this end,People’s Police Law should be amended,and special authorization,in terms of the rules of police identification in law enforcement,should be clarified in Administrative Penalty Law,Administrative Compulsion Law as well as the proposed Administrative Procedure Law.