达乌里胡枝子的繁育系统及传粉生物学

Breeding System and Pollination Biology of Lespedeza davurica

为揭示达乌里胡枝子的传粉生物学特性,本文以山西省八个地区的野生达乌里胡枝子为供试材料,针对其繁育系统、传粉媒介等方面进行研究。结果表明:和顺居群的单花花粉量最多达到(8750±1946)粒·花-1,而中阳的花粉量最少仅有(5370±879)粒·花-1。依照P/O值所测得的达乌里胡枝子繁育系统类型为专性异交。达乌里胡枝子的杂交指数为4,其繁育类型为存在自交和异交,需要传粉媒介传播花粉。昆虫访花行为会在10∶00~11∶00之间出现第一次访花高峰,在午后15∶00~16∶00出现第二次高峰,第一次高峰小于第二次。膜翅目昆虫如蜜蜂等传粉效果最为明显。国内外对达乌里胡枝子开花特性的研究较少,其繁育体系和授粉生物学尚未见报道。本研究结果不仅可为达乌里胡枝子的育种特性提供参考,也可为达乌里胡枝子的杂交育种和新品种培育提供理论和实践依据。

To reveal the pollination biological characteristics of L.davurica,wild L.davurica in eight regions of Shanxi province was used as test materials,and its breeding system and pollination medium were studied.Results showed that the maximum pollen number of single flowers in the Heshun population was 8750±1946 grain·flower-1,while the lowest was 5370±879 grain·flower-1 in the Zhongyang population.According to the pollen to ovule ratio(P/O),the breeding system type of L.davurica was obligate xenogamy.The outcrossing index of L.davurica was 4,and its breeding type was self-crossing and outcrossing,which needed pollination medium to spread pollen.The first peak in insect foraging behavior occurs between 10:00 and 11:00 a.m.,and a second peak between 3:00 and 4:00 p.m.,the first peak is smaller than the second.Pollination by hymenopterans,such as bees,is the most effective.There are few studies on flowering characteristics of L.davurica in China and abroad,and the breeding system and pollination biology have not been reported.The results of this study not only provide a reference for the breeding characteristics of L.davurica,but also provide a theoretical and practical basis for the hybrid breeding and new variety cultivation of L.davurica.