不同品种磷肥施用对玉米根际土壤磷组分的影响

Effect of Different Varieties of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application on the Phosphorus Component of Maize Rhizosphere Soil

【目的】研究不同品种磷肥施用对玉米根际土壤不同磷组分的影响。【方法】以玉米大豆间作为研究对象,通过盆栽试验和田间试验,采用Tiessen-Moir磷分级方法,研究施用磷酸二铵(DAP)、磷酸一铵(MAP)和过磷酸钙(SSP)3种不同品种磷肥(盆栽100 mg/kg,田间90 kg/hm^(2))下间作玉米根际红壤全磷和磷组分的变化。【结果】施用磷肥提高了玉米根际土壤全磷含量,不同磷肥品种的作用顺序为DAP>MAP>SSP。综合田间试验及盆栽试验结果显示:相比于不施磷处理(CK),磷肥施用提高了玉米根际土壤中活性态磷(Na-OH-Pi、NaOH-Po和D.HCl-Pi)占比(5%~42%),降低了活性态磷(Resin-P、NaHCO_(3)-Pi和NaHCO_(3)-Po)占比(2%~16%)和稳定态磷(C.HCl-Pi、C.HCl-Po和Residual-Pt)占比(3%~9%);间作增加了活性态磷和稳定态磷占比(分别为3%和4%),降低了中活性态磷占比(6%)。盆栽试验中,除NaHCO_(3)-Po和Residual-Pt外,施用不同品种磷肥均可使玉米根际其他土壤磷组分含量增加;相比于单作,间作显著降低了NaOH-Pi和NaOH-Po的含量(P<0.05),显著增加了NaHCO_(3)-Pi、NaHCO_(3)-Po、C.HCl-Pi和Residual-Pt的含量(P<0.05),对其他磷组分含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】不同品种磷肥施用下间作对玉米根际不同磷组分的影响不同,其中,施用DAP对玉米根际中活性态磷的活化和全磷的提高均有显著正效应。

[Purpose]To study the effects of intercropping on different phosphorus(P)components in maize rhizosphere soil.[Method]Taking maize soybean intercropping as the research object,pot(100 mg/kg)and field(90 kg/hm^(2))experiment were used to study the effects of diammonium phosphate(DAP),monoammonium phosphate(MAP)and calcium superphosphate(SSP)application on the changes of total P and P components in maize rhizosphere red soil,by Tiessen-Moir phosphorus classification method.[Result]The application of P fertilizer increased the total P content of maize rhizosphere soil,and the order of the effect of different P fertilizer varieties was DAP>MAP>SSP.Synthesized the results of field experiment and pot experiment,compared with no P application(CK),the application of P fertilizer increased the proportion of middle active P(NaOH-Pi,NaOH-Po and D.HCl-Pi)(5%-42%),decreased the proportions of active P(Resin-P,NaHCO3-Pi,and NaHCO_(3)-Po)(2%-16%)and stable P(C.HCl-Pi,C.HCl-Po,and Residual-Pt)(3%-9%);intercropping increased the proportion of active P and stable P(3% and 4%,respectively),decreased the proportion of middle active P(6%).In pot experiment,the application of different varieties of P fertilizer could increase the content of P components in maize rhizosphere soil except NaHCO_(3)-Po and Residual-Pt.Compared with monoculture,intercropping significantly reduced the contents of NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po(P<0.05),significantly increased the contents of NaHCO_(3)-Pi,NaHCO_(3)-Po,C.HCl-Pi and Residual-Pt(P<0.05),but had no significant difference on the contents of other phosphorus components(P>0.05).[Conclusion]Different varieties of P fertilizer had different effects on different P components in maize rhizosphere.Among them,DAP had significant positive effects on the activation of middle active P and the increase of total P in maize rhizosphere.