miRNA调控动物卵泡发育研究进展

Research Advances on Regulation of Animal Follicular Development by miRNA

雌性动物的繁殖潜力基于卵泡的发育,该过程受到复杂的基因网络调控。microRNA(miRNA)是一种短的、非编码RNA,在转录后调控基因表达。在过去的十年中,对动物卵泡中非编码RNA的深入研究揭示了miRNA在卵泡发育过程中的关键作用。作者简述了雌性动物卵泡发育过程,总结了miRNA调控卵泡发育的作用机制,包括原始卵泡的激活、生长卵泡的发育选择、卵泡颗粒细胞和卵泡膜细胞的生长调控等,分析了卵泡液外囊泡携带miRNA的功能。但当前卵泡miRNA的研究多集中在细胞敲低模型研究,敲除模型研究较少,因此增加细胞及活体敲除模型的研究有助于更好地了解miRNA在卵泡发育中的功能。本综述可为深入解析雌性动物繁殖性状调控的分子机制提供参考。

Fertility of female animals is based on follicular development,which is regulated by complex genetic networks.microRNA(miRNA)is a kind of non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression primarily at the post-transcriptional levels.In the past decade,studies on miRNA in follicles have revealed the key roles of miRNA in follicular development and function.This paper focuses on the follicular development process of female animals,and analyzes the function of miRNA carried by follicular fluid exosomes.The mechanism of miRNA regulating follicular development was summarized,including activation of primordial follicles and selection of growing follicles.The authors also introduced the growth regulation of miRNA on follicular granulosa cells and theca cells.However,most of the current follicular miRNA studies are focused on cellular knockdown model studies,and knockout models are less studied.Therefore,current research should increase the application of cellular and in vivo knockout models,which is helpful to better understand the function of miRNA in follicular development.These results can provide a reference for in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of reproductive traits regulation in female animals.