健康传播视域下的疫后心理援助研究:应对特点、模式与启发--以美国应对为例

Post-epidemic Psychological Assistance from the Perspective of Health Communication--Inspirations from the US

新冠疫情给世界范围内人们都带来了一定的心理压力,尤其在疫情较为严重的国家甚至出现了诸多极端行为。美国作为目前世界上新冠疫情确诊死亡病例最多的国家,社会中虽然出现了不稳定的因素,但其在应对此类重大突发时具有一定的理论与实践基础,形成了一套政府+非政府,短期与长期兼备的心理援助模式。此外,针对心理问题的阶段性特点,美国心理援助模式也呈现出阶段性特点,以更好地缓解社会中的焦虑情绪。我国的心理援助在理论研究以及实践手段上存在一定的问题,需要在宏观体系建设以及提高民间自治能力等方面完善心理援助模式。

COVID-19 brings psychological pressure to people all over the world.There have even been extreme behaviors in countries with more severe epidemics.Currently the US is the country with the largest number of confirmed deaths from COVID-19.Despite some unstable factors,the US is both theoretically and practically capable of dealing with such major emergencies,with a set of psychological assistance model which are both governmental and non-governmental,short-term and long-term.In addition,in accordance with psychological problems characterized with phases,the American psychological assistance model shows the same character to better alleviate the anxiety in society.China's psychological assistance has some problems in both theoretical research and practical methods,and it is necessary to improve the psychological assistance model in terms of macro-system construction and civil autonomy promotion.