资本监管、商业银行风险承担与效率——基于中国165家商业银行的经验证据

Capital Regulation,Risk Taking and Efficiency of Commercial Banks——Empirical Evidence from 165 Commercial Banks in China

资本监管对降低银行风险、提高银行长期盈利能力有极其重要的作用。选取2013—2019年165家中国商业银行的面板数据,对资本监管、商业银行风险承担与效率进行实证分析。结果表明:随着年份推移,商业银行成本效率变化较为平缓,利润效率波动幅度较大,利润创造能力普遍低于成本控制能力;最低资本充足率要求的资本监管,可以促使资本充足的商业银行有效增加资本水平、降低风险承担,促进其稳健经营,但对资本不充足的部分小型银行在短期内影响不显著;商业银行适度增加风险承担有利于成本效率和利润效率提升,银行效率提升又使得其有意愿进一步加强风险承担,在资本监管下商业银行风险承担与效率存在相互影响的机制;银行规模、资产收益率和GDP增长率等对商业银行风险承担和效率均有显著影响。

Capital regulation plays an extremely important role in reducing bank risk and improving long-term bank profitability.This paper selects the panel data of 165 Chinese commercial banks from 2013 to 2019 to conduct an empirical analysis of capital regulation,commercial bank risk taking and efficiency.The results show that the changes in cost efficiency of commercial banks are relatively flat over the years,profit efficiency fluctuates more,and the profit creation ability of Chinese commercial banks is generally lower than the cost control ability.Capital regulation required by the minimum capital adequacy ratio can induce well-capitalized commercial banks to effectively increase their capital levels,reduce risk-taking and promote their sound operation,but it is not effective for some of the small banks that are undercapitalized in the short term.A moderate increase in risk-taking by commercial banks is conducive to cost efficiency and profit efficiency,which in turn makes banks willing to further enhance risk-taking.Under capital regulation,there is an interaction mechanism between risk-taking and efficiency of commercial banks.Bank size,return on assets and GDP growth rate all have significant effects on risk-taking level and efficiency of commercial banks.