美国产业链供应链政策动向及我国应对策略

The New Trend of U.S.Industrial Chain and Supply Chain Policy and China's Coping Strategies

当前国际秩序面临深度调整,全球产业链供应链格局与科技竞争格局正加速重构。美国政府采取多项举措加强对产业链供应链的控制,以形成其在国际战略格局中的优先地位和有效卡位,保障其在国际政治、经济等各个领域的竞争优势。首先,从国家供应链战略、供应链法规/政策、供应链标准/指南3个层面系统梳理了美国保障其国家供应链安全的框架,详细剖析了美国供应链安全评估体系。其次,分析了美国对我国产业链供应链的限制性举措,总结出三点主要特征:①依托高技术产品技术封锁,加大对中国的战略竞争筹码;②严格审查中国资本在美投资收购项目,打压中国企业的国际化进程;③阻碍中国参与国际准则与标准制定,意图“规锁”中国。再次,对美国未来可能对我国实施的限制性举措进行了前瞻研判:①美国未来将进一步对我国产业链供应链情况进行系统评估,开展有针对性的打压;②进一步加强与盟国合作,构建排挤中国的“包围圈”;③在关键领域对中国“精准脱钩”,寻求多元化关键供应链渠道;④对关键领域人才的流动进行严格限制。最后,提出我国的四点应对策略:①定期全面评估供应链存在的风险与脆弱性;②推动我国产业链布局从遵守适应国际规则向协商制定规则转变;③加快出台国家技术安全管理清单制度;④推动战略性产业和未来产业领域关键核心技术突破。

The global order is experiencing profound adjustment,the structure of global industrial chain and supply chain and the competition of science and technology is speeding up restructuring,and the U.S.government is taking actions to strengthen the control of the industrial chain and supply chain to ensure its leading position in global strategy and competitive advantage in global politics,economy,and other fields.First of all,this paper systematically analyzes the framework of U.S.guaranteeing its national supply chain security from the level of national supply chain strategy,supply chain regulations/policies and supply chain standards/guidelines,and elaborate the U.S.supply chain security assessment system.Second,this paper analyzed the restrictive measures taken by the U.S.to restrict China's industrial chain and supply chain,and summarize three main characteristics:①Relying on the technical blockade of high tech products to strengthen the strategic competitive advantage against China;②Strictly examining the investment and acquisition of Chinese capital in the U.S.and suppressing the internationalization of Chinese enterprises;③Hindering China's participation in the formulation of international norms and standards and intending to"lock"China.Third,this paper makes further analysis of U.S.future possible restrictive actions against China,including:①conducting a further overall evaluation of China's supply chain and purposefully suppressing it;②Further strengthening cooperation with allies to isolate China;③Getting rid of dependence on China in key fields and seeking diversified supply chain;④Strictly restricting the flow of talents in key fields.Finally,this paper proposes four tactics for China,including①Regularly and comprehensively assessing the risks and vulnerabilities of the supply chain;②Promoting the transformation of layout of China's Industrial chain from abiding by and adapting to international rules to consulting and formulating rules;③Accelerating the introduction of the national technical safety management list system;④Promoting core technology breakthroughs of strategic industry and future industry.