感官技术:艺术形态史的技术现象学视角

Sensory Technology:A Perspective of Phenomenology of Technology on Art Morphology History

在现象学哲学对主体、认知、技术关系的反思中,“身体”作为“主体”的“认知”能力逐渐被重新发现,“身体”的“技术感知”现象凸显。当代数字技术进一步表明,人类的创造技术本质上可谓力图超越身体局限的“感官技术”,技术的历史就是不断完善的“感官技术”史。有什么样的“感官技术”,就有什么样的艺术形态。本文从“感官技术”的角度重新考察艺术、感知、技术的关系,探究技术要素的革命对艺术形态演变的影响,通过梳理身体感官技术与身体艺术(乐舞—戏剧)、感官媒介技术与符号媒介艺术(绘画、雕塑、建筑、文学、影像艺术、传感技术与虚拟艺术电子游戏)九大艺术形态感知模式的变革与审美范式的嬗变可见,艺术形态的演变,正是感官技术所关联着的、人类不断发展中的审美理想的映射。

In the reflection of phenomenological philosophy on the relationship between subject,cognition and technology,the“cognitive”ability of“body”as“subject”is gradually rediscovered,and the phenomenon of“technical perception”of body is highlighted.Contemporary digital technology further shows that,human creative“technology”is essentially a“sensory technology”which tries to transcend the limitations of the body.The history of technology is the history of continuous improvement of“sensory technology”.What kind of“sensory technology”,there is what kind of art form.This paper reexamines the relationship among art,perception and technology from the perspective of“sensory technology”,and explores the influence of the revolution of technical elements on the evolution of arts morphology.By combing the change of perception mode and aesthetic paradigm of nine arts,namely,body sensory technology and Body Art(music and dance drama),sensory media technology and symbolic Media Art(painting,sculpture,architecture,literature,image art),sensing technology and Virtual Art(electronic games),it can be seen that the evolution of arts morphology is the mapping of aesthetic ideal in the continuous development of human beings,which is related to sensory technology.