秸秆还田条件下不同施氮水平对玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响

Straw and nitrogen applications interactively affect maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency

为探讨秸秆还田对氮肥利用效率的影响,试验采用裂区设计,设置主区为无秸秆添加、秸秆添加菌剂(还田量7500 kg·hm^(-2)),副区4个施氮水平分别为N0(0 kg·hm^(-2))、N135(135 kg·hm^(-2))、N180(180 kg·hm^(-2))、N225(225 kg·hm^(-2)),测定玉米的产量,分析其氮肥利用效率。研究结果表明,与无秸秆添加相比,秸秆还田后,玉米生育期内各施氮水平土壤碱解氮含量、土壤有机质含量均较高,土壤全氮在N180、N225处理时较高,但土壤碱解氮、土壤全氮、土壤有机质均未达到显著差异水平;秸秆还田玉米产量在N180处理下最高,在N225处理下,较无秸秆添加增加了11.0%;秸秆还田在N180处理时,氮肥农学利用效率及氮肥利用率最高;在N135处理下,氮肥偏生产力最高,随着施氮量的增加氮肥偏生产力呈下降趋势,下降幅度为12.4%~37.2%。综上,秸秆还田在N180处理时对玉米生产有利。

In order to investigate the effect of straw return on nitrogen use efficiency in maize,split design was adopted.The main plot was with no stalk and stalk amendment(7500 kg·hm^(-2)),and the subplot was with four nitrogen application levels,i.e.,N0(0 kg·hm^(-2)),N135(135 kg·hm^(-2)),N180(180 kg·hm^(-2))and N225(225 kg·hm^(-2)),respectively.The yield of maize was determined and nitrogen use efficiency was analyzed.The results showed that,compared with no stalk addition,the stalk application increased the content of soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen and soil organic matter.Soil total nitrogen was higher under N180 and N225 treatments than any other nitrogen treatments,but there was no significant difference among N treatments.The yield of maize under the stalk application and N180 treatment was with the highest value.Under the N225 treatment,the stalk application increased yield by 11.0%compared to the no stalk application.Nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate were with the highest values under stalk and N180 treatment;the N fertilizer bias productivity was with the highest value under N135 treatment,while decreased by 12.4%to 37.2%with the increase of N application.Addition of stalk plus N180 application was beneficial to maize production.