生殖系基因组编辑的伦理辨思与规制路径

Ethical Thinking and Regulation Path of Genome Editing in Germline

生殖系基因组编辑对人类作为物种的尊严产生了冲击,同时此类技术还可能带来种系危机。人类不应该坠入优生学陷阱,也不应该放任生殖系基因组编辑技术带来的公平危机,更不应忽视个体权利因此技术而受到的威胁。无条件禁止生殖系基因组编辑的观点正在收缩,国际社会对待生殖系基因组编辑逐渐秉持有条件禁止的态度。目前,我国应当借鉴域外经验,建立并完善由独立的第三方伦理委员会负责的伦理审查制度,构建“知情—同意—认可”的三方构造。同时,应当加强科研人员科研伦理培训,通过成立全球性的基因编辑协会推动技术自律。

Germline genome editing has had an impact on the dignity of human beings as a species,and at the same time such technologies may also bring a germline crisis.Human beings should not fall into the trap of eugenics,nor should they allow the fairness crisis brought about by germline genome editing technology,nor should they ignore the threats to individual rights due to technology.Views on unconditional prohibition of germline genome editing are decreasing,and the international community has gradually adopted a conditional prohibition attitude toward germline genome editing.At present,our country should learn from foreign experience,establish and perfect an ethical review system by an independent third-party ethics committee,and construct a tripartite structure of“informed-consent-approval”.At the same time,it is necessary to strengthen scientific research ethics training for scientific researchers,promote technological self-discipline through the establishment of a global gene editing association.