“双减”背景下省市级减负政策工具选择研究——基于政策工具和减负类型双维度的分析

Research on the Choice of Provincial and Municipal Burden Reduction Policy Tools under the Background of“Double Reduction”:Two Dimensional Analysis Based on Policy Tools and Burden Reduction Types

"双减"政策首次将作业负担和校外培训负担共同作为减轻学生学业负担的两大重任,而省级和地市级的政策是确保减负能否落实的关键。基于政策工具理论视角,梳理了28个省89个市共计461份校内减负政策文本和校外培训机构规范政策文本,构建"政策工具——减负类型"二维分析框架进行文本分析。研究发现,权威工具和能力建设工具使用过溢,激励、象征与劝诫、系统变革工具使用不足;省级层面和地市级层面的校内校外减负政策工具存在同质化现象;校内减负和校外减负政策工具选择之间存在不均衡情况。结合"双减"政策导向,未来省市级选择减负政策工具可以进行以下改进:以权威工具为抓手,优化减负政策工具使用结构,提升政策协同效力;减负政策推进关注"本土性",寻求本地减负政策工具和政策文化、空间及受众的自洽;注重激励工具和系统变革工具的使用,对学生学业的管理由"双减"转向"双提升"。

The"Double Reduction"policy takes the homework burden and after-school training burden as the two important tasks to reduce students’academic burden for the first time,and the provincial and prefecture level policies are the key to ensure the implementation of the reduction.Based on the perspective of policy tool theory,this paper combs 461 in school burden reduction policy texts and standardized policy texts of out of school training institutions in 89 cities of 28 provinces,and constructs a two-dimensional analysis framework of"policy tool-burden reduction type"for text analysis.The study found that the use of authority tools and capacity-building tools was excessive,and the use of incentives,symbols and exhortations,and system change tools were insufficient.The policy tools for reducing the burden inside and outside schools at the provincial level and prefecture and municipal level are homogeneous.There is an imbalance between the choice of policy tools for burden reduction inside and outside schools.Combined with the policy orientation of"double reduction",the following improvements can be made in the selection of burden reduction policy tools at the provincial and municipal levels in the future:starting with authoritative tools,optimize the use structure of burden reduction policy tools and improve the synergy of policies;Promote the policy of burden reduction,pay attention to"localization",and seek the self consistency of local burden reduction policy tools,policy culture,space and audience;Pay attention to the use of incentive tools and system reform tools,and the management of students’studies has changed from"double reduction"to"double improvement".