单站雷电监测发展综述

Development of Lightning Monitoring and Early Warning Based on Single Station

雷电监测在设备防护中对于合理避开雷区具有指导意义。单站雷电定位系统由于其结构紧凑、灵活性高,适合在飞机、轮船、海岛等难以组网探测的平台上搭载。参考国内外雷电相关文献,综述了国内外单站雷电监测中的单站定向、单站定距技术以及相关应用情况。分析了单站定距算法中的振幅法、电磁分量相位差法、波阻抗法、相谱测距法及电离层反射法各自的定位精度和定距范围。对于近距离(<100 km)闪电来说,采用波阻抗法和相谱测距法的测距精度较高,相对误差为6%;对于中远距离,仅能采用振幅法,定位精度较低,相对误差约为30%;对于远距离(>200 km),采用电离层反射法的测距精度高,相对误差约为12.5%。

Lightning monitoring and early warning are of guiding significance for reasonably avoiding thunder areas in equipment protection.Due to its compact structure and high flexibility,the single station lightning location system is suitable for carrying on the platform which is difficult to detect by networking,such as aircraft,ships,and islands.Referring to the lightning-related literature at home and abroad,the single station orientation and single station distance technology in single station lightning monitoring at home and abroad,as well as the related applications are systematically reviewed.The positioning accuracy and range of amplitude method,electromagnetic component phase difference method,wave impedance method,phase spectrum ranging method and ionospheric reflection method in single station distance determination algorithm are analyzed.The results show that for a short distance(<100 km)lightning,the accuracy of wave impedance method and phase spectrum method is higher,with a relative error of 6%;for medium and long-distance,only amplitude method can be used,with a relative error of about 30%;for long-distance(>200 km),the accuracy of ionospheric reflection method is higher,with a relative error of about 12.5%.