作物三维重构技术研究现状及前景展望

Research Advances and Prospects of Crop 3D Reconstruction Technology

近年来,随着无人机和各类传感器在作物育种和田间生产中被广泛使用,作物表型组学得到了极大的发展。兼具了高精度、高通量和高度自动化的作物表型组学及其相关技术的发展,加快了新品种的选育和优化了田间管理。作物三维重构技术是作物表型组学最基本的技术方法之一,是精准描述作物形态全息结构的重要工具,而作物的三维重构模型对于高通量作物表型获取、作物株型特征评价、植株结构和表型相关性分析等均具有重要意义。为深入总结作物表型中三维重构技术研究进展,本文从作物三维重构的基本方法与应用特点、研究现状和前景展望等三个方面展开综述。本文首先归纳整理了现有作物三维重构方法,并对各类方法的基本原理进行了综述,分析了各类方法的特点和优缺点,同时在归纳作物三维重构方法一般性流程的基础上,对各类方法的适用性进行剖析,归纳整理出了各类方法在实施时的具体流程和注意事项;其次,本文依据研究目标对象不同将作物三维重构的应用分为单株作物重构、田间群体重构和根系重构三部分,并从这三个视角对作物三维重构技术的应用情况进行了综述,依据精度、速度和成本三方面,探究了各个方法对于不同作物三维重构的研究现状,分析整理出不同重构对象背景下作物三维重构存在的问题与挑战;最后,从作物三维重构全程自动化、4D表型的构成、作物虚拟生长与模拟育种和智慧农业发展等方面对作物三维重构技术的前景进行了展望。

Crop 3-dimensional(3D)reconstruction is one of the most fundamental techniques in crop phenomics,and is an im‐portant tool to accurately describe the holographic structure of crop morphology.3D reconstruction models of crops are impor‐tant for high-throughput crop phenotype acquisition,crop plant characteristics evaluation,and plant structure and phenotype cor‐relation analysis.In order to promote and popularize the 3D reconstruction technology in crop phenotype research,the basic methods and application characteristics,the current advances of research and the prospects of 3D reconstruction in crops were review in this paper.Firstly,the existing methods of crop 3D reconstruction were summarized,the basic principles of each meth‐od were reviewed,the characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of each method were analyzed,the applicability of each method on the basis of the general process of crop 3D reconstruction methods were introduced,and the specific process and con‐siderations for the implementation of each method were summarized.Secondly,the application of crop 3D reconstruction were divided into three parts:single crop reconstruction,field group reconstruction and root system,according to different target ob‐jects,and the applications of crop 3D reconstruction technology from these three perspectives were reviewed,the research ad‐vances of each method for different crop 3D reconstruction based on accuracy,speed and cost were explored,and the problems and challenges of crop 3D reconstruction in the context of different reconstruction objects were organized.Finally,the prospects of crop 3D reconstruction technology were analyzed.