酵母对反刍动物瘤胃调控及应用效果研究进展

Research progress of yeast on ruminant rumen regulation and application effect

畜牧生产中,为了最大程度地提高生产效率,减少能量损失和环境污染,通常使用饲料添加剂来调控反刍动物的瘤胃发酵。近年来,酵母对瘤胃的调控和作用机制得到广泛研究,包括平衡瘤胃pH值、降低乳酸的产生和积累、防止酸中毒、调控瘤胃挥发酸比例、提高瘤胃能量利用率、减少瘤胃病原体、改善瘤胃微生物菌群、影响瘤胃的氮代谢和氢代谢等。酵母对反刍动物的生产力和健康水平有明显改善作用,但关于酵母在反刍动物中调控机制的探讨还不够深入,在生产中的应用效果也存在差异性。文章通过对酵母有关反刍动物瘤胃的调控和酵母在生产中的应用效果方面进行综述,旨在为酵母深入开发与合理利用提供参考。

In order to maximize production efficiency and reduce energy loss and environmental pollution,feed additives were usually used to regulate ruminant fermentation in ruminants.Yeast’s regulation and mechanism of action on rumen have been extensively studied in recent years,including balancing rumen pH value,reducing the production and accumulation of lactic acid,preventing acidosis,regulating the ratio of volatile acid in the rumen to improve rumen energy utilization,reducing rumen pathogens,improving rumen microbial flora,affecting rumen nitrogen metabolism,hydrogen metabolism and other aspects.Yeast can obviously improve the productivity and health of ruminants,but the research on regulation mechanism of yeast in ruminants was not thorough enough,and the application effect in production was also different.The paper reviews the regulation of yeast on rumen of ruminants and the application effect of yeast in production,to provide reference for further development and rational utilization of yeast.