历史记忆与族群认同——以音乐起源神话传说为例

Historical Memory and Ethnic Identity: The Case Study of Myth and Legend of the Origin of Music

作为历史记忆的表达载体之一,民间叙事既反映族群特征,也建构、维护和宣示着相应的族群形象。我国的音乐起源神话传说在各个族群之间广为流传,它是政治话语和民众声音的交响产物。在"华夷之辨""五族共和"和五十六个民族的递嬗过程中,制乐者的说法演变显示出族群的变迁和认同。叙事文本既润饰着各类乐器的象征身份,也成为了弘扬中华民族文明的观念性材料。在国家内部,音乐起源的神话传说解释和强化了各族音乐的独立特征;在对外交往中,这些主观记忆成为了文化外交的手段和古国文明的符号。

As a kind of historical memory,folk narrative not only reflects the characteristics of ethnic groups,but also constructs,maintains and declares the corresponding ethnic images. The myth and legend of the originof music in China is widely spread among different ethnic groups. It is the symphonic product of political discourse and public voice. In the process of the evolution of"the debate between Chinese and foreigners","the Republic of five ethnic groups"and"Fifty six ethnic groups",the evolution of the views of music makersshows the changes and identification of ethnic groups. The narrative text not only embellishes the symbolicidentity of all kinds of musical instruments,but also becomes the conceptual material to carry forward theChinese civilization. Within the country,myths and legends about the origin of music explain and strengthenthe independent characteristics of music of all ethnic groups. In foreign exchanges,these subjective memories have become the means of cultural diplomacy and the symbol of ancient civilization.