路径依赖与“落地空间”——平台用工治理的困境与策略

Path Dependence and Its"Landing Space"--The Dilemma and Coping Strategies of Platform Employment Governance

平台经济劳动者的权益保障问题已经成为当前政府治理的焦点,然而对于地方政府如何实施治理则鲜有研究,挖掘地方政府的治理逻辑对宏观制度实施具有重要意义。基于送餐平台劳动者的调查和对四个地区政府相关人员的访谈,本研究梳理了当前地方政府治理的困境,并分析了地方政府采用的应对策略。研究发现,在缺乏系统的宏观制度支撑下,地方政府采用依循传统制度或塑造新的制度空间来增强治理的合法性,但这种做法具有明显的路径依赖特征。而在制度执行的过程中,地方政府则采用在现有制度空间中寻求变通的方式使治理目标“落地”。随着我国针对新就业形态劳动者政策的逐步完善,制定地方性政策的空间将会随之扩大。

The protection of the rights and interests of workers in the platform economy has currently become the focus of government governance.So far,few studies have been conducted to examine how to implement governance for local governments.Thus,digging into the governance logic of local governments is of great significance to the implementation of the macro system.Based on the survey of the workers on the food delivery platform and the interviews with personnel concerned of the four regional governments,this study sorts out the current plight of local government governance and analyzes the response strategies adopted by the local government.The study finds that local governments,in the absence of systematic macro-system support,adopt traditional systems or shape new institutional space to enhance the legitimacy of governance,but this practice possesses obvious path dependence characteristics.In the process of implementing the system,the local government adopts a flexible method in the existing system space to make the goal of governance"landed".However,with the improvement of China's policies for workers in new forms of employment,the space for formulating local policies will expand accordingly.