“怀疑”与“相信”之间:蒙田人文主义思想特质

Between“Doubt”and“Belief”:Characteristics of Montaigne's Humanism

对《随笔集》的文本解读显示,蒙田声明的“怀疑”之下,却存在着两重“相信”,一是他自己宣称的基督教信仰,二是字里行间透露的人文主义思想,由此构成了“怀疑”与“相信”的多重张力。张力的根本原因在于“此在”生存需求与渴望本真“存在”之间的内在冲突,具体表现为,无论是蒙田声明的“怀疑”和宣称的“相信”,还是他的怀疑主义的人文主义,都只是工具性的生存策略,无法解答蒙田的本体论困境——“存在”问题。在此基础上,通过对包括蒙田人文主义在内的三种人文主义形态的思维特征进行分析,提出从“思-在-疑”向“信-在-思”的思维转换,为走出人文主义的本体论危机提供一种超越的视角。

Under Montaigne's statement of“doubt”,there are two types of“belief”:one is his own professed Christian faith,and the other is the humanistic thought revealed between the lines of his essays.Hence the multiple tensions between“doubt”and“belief”.The root cause for such tensions lies in the internal conflict between the survival needs of“Dasein”and the desire for true“existence”.This conflict is manifested in the fact that whether it is his statement of“doubt”and declared“belief”or his skeptical humanism,Montaigne's humanist ideas are all only an instrumental survival strategy and cannot resolve his ontological dilemma—the problem of“existence”.On this basis,through the analysis of the characteristics of the other two forms of humanism as well as Montaigne's,this paper argues that a shift from“thinking-being-doubt”to“believing-being-thinking”in thinking mode can provide a“transcendence”perspective for us to rise above the crisis in the ontology of humanism.